Dataset Information

Physiologic requirement for iron in pregnant women, assessed using the stable isotope tracer technique.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Knowledge of the physiologic requirement for iron, the core index for the formulation of a dietary reference intake (DRI), is of great importance for the health of a pregnant woman and her fetus, and can help a mother accurately plan her iron supplementation. However, direct measurements of the physiologic requirement for iron during pregnancy are still lacking.

Method

Eleven women of reproductive age from Hebei Province, China, who planned to become pregnant in the near future, were enrolled between January and March 2015 and included in the final analysis. Subjects participated in a 2-week metabolic trial in which they consumed 50?mg of the stable isotope ⁵⁸Fe, and were then followed for ~?2?years. The abundance of ⁵⁸Fe and the total iron concentration in the circulation were measured using Multi-collector Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, respectively. The physiologic requirement for iron during pregnancy was then calculated by the formula derived from our previously published work.

Results

The mean physiologic requirement for iron in the 11 subjects, across their entire pregnancies, was 3.05?mg.d^-?1 in total and 44.0??g.kg^-?1.d^-?1 after adjustment for body mass. The physiologic requirements for iron in the first, second, and third trimesters were 2.04?mg.d^-?1, 3.26?mg.d^-?1, and 4.13?mg.d^-?1, respectively. When adjusted for body mass, the physiologic requirements for iron in different trimesters were 32.3??g.kg^-?1.d^-?1, 46.9??g.kg^-?1.d^-?1, and 55.7??g.kg^-?1.d^-?1, respectively.

Conclusion

We preliminarily explored the physiologic requirement for iron in pregnant women. The data demonstrated that pregnant women needed about twice iron than non-pregnant women. This research may be helpful for the design of future studies and the modification of iron DRIs.

Trial registration

ChiCTR, ChiCTR-OCH-14004302. Registered 14 February 2014, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=5267.

SUBMITTER: Cai J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7175517 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Physiologic requirement for iron in pregnant women, assessed using the stable isotope tracer technique.

Cai Jie J Ren Tongxiang T Lu Jiaxi J Wu Jinghuan J Mao Deqian D Li Weidong W Zhang Yu Y Li Min M Piao Jianhua J Yang Lichen L Ma Yuxia Y Wang Jun J Yang Xiaoguang X

Nutrition & metabolism 20200421

<h4>Background</h4>Knowledge of the physiologic requirement for iron, the core index for the formulation of a dietary reference intake (DRI), is of great importance for the health of a pregnant woman and her fetus, and can help a mother accurately plan her iron supplementation. However, direct measurements of the physiologic requirement for iron during pregnancy are still lacking.<h4>Method</h4>Eleven women of reproductive age from Hebei Province, China, who planned to become pregnant in the nea ...[more]

PMID: 32336977

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Project description:BackgroundIron nutrition is important for the health of women of reproductive age, and defining the physiologic requirement for iron can help them accurately plan the iron intake. However, research on the physiologic requirement for iron in women is insufficient worldwide. This study aimed to further improve the methodology and get more precise data for the physiological requirements for iron in women of reproductive age on the basis of our previous study.MethodSixty-one women of reproductive age who had not been pregnant before and during the whole study were included from Hebei province, China in 2015. Each subject participated in a 2-week metabolic trial with consuming 50 mg of the stable isotope 58Fe, and were then followed for ~ 800 days. The abundance of 58Fe and the total iron concentration in the circulation were measured using multi-collector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The physiologic requirement for iron in women of reproductive age was then calculated.ResultsThe average iron circulation rate was 80.4%, and the steady period started from about 1 year. The average physiological requirement for iron of 21 subjects obtained by formula calculation was 1.55 mg/d and 23.63 μg.kg- 1.d- 1 after adjustment for body mass, and that of 33 subjects obtained by linear regression was 1.29 mg/d, 20.98 μg.kg- 1.d- 1 after adjustment for body mass. The results by two methods showed no significant difference. The EAR and RNI calculated from this results was 11-13 mg/d and 15-18 mg/d, respectively, both of which were slightly lower than the recommended value in Chinese Dietary Reference Intake (2013).ConclusionThe physiological requirements for iron in women of reproductive age were in accordance with other studies, while the EAR and RNI calculated from which were slightly lower than Chinese present recommended value.Trial registrationChiCTR, ChiCTR-OCH-14004302. Registered 14 February 2014, http://www.chictr.org.cn/enindex.aspx.

Project description:Abstract Objectives Iron deficiency is estimated to affect up to 1.5–2 billion people worldwide. Edible insects can be a rich source of iron and may have a smaller environmental food print than other animal source foods. Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae are recognized as an edible insect, but iron bioavailability in humans has not been investigated. Chitin, a major component of insect biomass, is a known iron binder. Our primary objective was to measure fractional iron absorption (FIA) from T.molitor with and without chitin in young women. Secondly, we aimed to assess the effect of the presence of mealworm biomass on iron absorption from iron present in low-phytate maize porridge. Methods Non-anemic females (18–45 years, body weight < 65 kg) were recruited and FIA was measured as erythrocyte incorporation of stable isotopes tracers in red blood cells 14 days after test meal administration. Using a randomized cross over design, three different meals were administered to each subject, consisting of A) a low phytate refined maize porridge with 54FeSO4; B) intrinsically labelled (57Fe) T.molitor with native chitin and extrinsic 58FeSO4; C) intrinsically labelled (57Fe) T.molitor with reduced chitin and extrinsic 58FeSO4. Results Median serum ferritin concentration in the participating subjects (n = 21) was 22.7 µg/L. Iron content in T.molitor larvae was FIA from meals B (58Fe, 5.28%) and C (58Fe, 4.55%) in which mealworm biomass was given in combination with maize porridge did not significantly differ to FIA from maize porridge fed alone (5.84%). In case of intrinsic labelling, FIA from meals B (57Fe, 4.11%) and C (57Fe, 4.03%) were significantly lower compared to maize meal A (P < 0.001). Conclusions FIA from T.molitor was similar to low-phytate containing maize. Presence of mealworm biomass did not enhance or inhibit the FIA of iron present in the maize meal. Furthermore, a chitin reduction process did not show any discernible effect on FIA. T.molitor larvae could be a viable source of iron in the human diet, but iron absorption may be similar to plant-based foods. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04510831. Funding Sources Coop Research Program, World Food System Center, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.

Dataset Information

Physiologic requirement for iron in pregnant women, assessed using the stable isotope tracer technique.

Background

Method

Results

Conclusion

Trial registration

Publications

Physiologic requirement for iron in pregnant women, assessed using the stable isotope tracer technique.

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