Dataset Information

Effects of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio on Growth, Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolome of Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

ABSTRACT: Increasing the C/N ratio of input feed has been reported as a practical approach for improving water quality and enhancing shrimp growth through changing the bacterial community of rearing water. However, little is known about the effects of different C/N ratios of feed input on the intestinal microbiota and metabolome of shrimp. In the present study, the effects of three different C/N ratio levels (CN6, CN10, and CN15) maintained by adding sucrose on the growth, intestinal microbiota and metabolome of Litopenaeus vannamei, and bioflocs formation were investigated after 17 days of feeding. The results indicated that higher C/N ratio (10 and 15), especially CN15, of feed input significantly enhance the length and weight of shrimp individuals accompanied by a significant accumulation of bioflocs, compared to that of CN6. The increase of C/N ratio input decreased the ?-diversity of the intestinal microbiota and changed the microbial community structure through increasing the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Rhodobacteraceae (mainly consist of Roseobacter and Paracoccus groups), Alteromonadaceae, and inhibiting the growth of Cyanobacteria, certain Rhodobacteraceae, Mycoplasmataceae and Vibrio. The change of microbial community caused by increasing C/N ratio input was closely associated with various bioactive metabolites of flavonoids, benzenoids, prenol lipids, and indole derivatives, which are benefit for shrimp growth either as an antimicrobial agent or as a nutrient component. Overall, this study demonstrated that manipulating high C/N ratio of feed input helps to the growth of shrimp through increasing the relative abundance of potential beneficial bacteria and the accumulation of various bioactive metabolites to suppress the growth of detrimental bacteria.

SUBMITTER: Guo H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7176362 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio on Growth, Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolome of Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>).

Guo Haipeng H Huang Lei L Hu Songtao S Chen Chen C Huang Xiaolin X Liu Wei W Wang Sipeng S Zhu Yueyue Y Zhao Yueji Y Zhang Demin D

Frontiers in microbiology 20200415

Increasing the C/N ratio of input feed has been reported as a practical approach for improving water quality and enhancing shrimp growth through changing the bacterial community of rearing water. However, little is known about the effects of different C/N ratios of feed input on the intestinal microbiota and metabolome of shrimp. In the present study, the effects of three different C/N ratio levels (CN6, CN10, and CN15) maintained by adding sucrose on the growth, intestinal microbiota and metabo ...[more]

PMID: 32351483

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Project description:Intestinal microbiota is an integral component of the host and plays important roles in host health. The pacific white shrimp is one of the most profitable aquaculture species commercialized in the world market with the largest production in shrimp consumption. Many studies revealed that the intestinal microbiota shifted significantly during host development in other aquaculture animals. In the present study, 22 shrimp samples were collected every 15 days from larval stage (15 day post-hatching, dph) to adult stage (75 dph) to investigate the intestinal microbiota at different culture stages by targeting the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene, and the microbial function prediction was conducted by PICRUSt. The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) was assigned at 97% sequence identity. A total of 2,496 OTUs were obtained, ranging from 585 to 1,239 in each sample. Forty-three phyla were identified due to the classifiable sequence. The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Tenericutes, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi. OTUs belonged to 289 genera and the most abundant genera were Candidatus_Xiphinematobacter, Propionigenium, Synechococcus, Shewanella and Cetobacterium. Fifty-nine OTUs were detected in all samples, which were considered as the major microbes in intestine of shrimp. The intestinal microbiota was enriched with functional potentials that were related to transporters, ABC transporters, DNA repair and recombination proteins, two component system, secretion system, bacterial motility proteins, purine metabolism and ribosome. All the results showed that the intestinal microbial composition, diversity and functions varied significantly at different culture stages, which indicated that shrimp intestinal microbiota depended on culture stages. These findings provided new evidence on intestinal microorganism microecology and greatly enhanced our understanding of stage-specific community in the shrimp intestinal ecosystem.

Project description:Phospholipids have an important antioxidant effect on animals. The effects of different dietary phospholipid sources on the growth, antioxidant activity, immunity, and gut microbiota of female broodstock of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated. Four isoproteic and isolipid semi-purified diets containing 4% soybean lecithin (SL), egg yolk lecithin (EL), or krill oil (KO) and a control diet without phospholipid supplementation were fed to female broodstock of L. vannamei (34.7 ± 4.2 g) for 28 days. The growth performance, antioxidative capacity, and innate immunity of the female broodstock fed phospholipid supplemented diets were improved regardless of sources compared with the control shrimp. The effects on growth and antioxidant capacity in female shrimp fed the KO diet were highest. The innate immunity of female shrimp fed the EL and KO diets were significantly higher than shrimp fed the SL diet. Dietary phospholipid supplementation increased gut microbiota diversity and richness, and the Chao1 and ACE values in the KO group were significantly higher than in the control group. The richness of Proteobacteria, Photobacterium, and Vibrio decreased, whereas the richness of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased in the shrimp fed the KO diet compared with the shrimp fed the SL and EL diets. The interactions of gut microbiota in shrimp fed the KO diet were the most complex, and the positive interaction was the largest among all the treatments. The functional genes of gut microbiota in shrimp fed the KO diet were significantly enriched in lipid metabolism and terpenoid/polyketide metabolism pathways. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Fusibacter had significantly positive correlations with antioxidant activity (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), immune enzyme activity (phenoloxidase and lysozyme), and immune gene expression (C-type lectin 3, Caspase-1). All findings suggest that dietary phospholipids supplementation can improve the growth and health status of female L. vananmei broodstock. Krill oil is more beneficial in improving the antioxidant capacity and innate immunity than other dietary phospholipid sources. Furthermore, krill oil can help establish the intestinal immune barrier by increasing the richness of Fusibacter and promote the growth of female shrimp. Fusibacter may be involved in iron metabolism to improve the antioxidant capacity of female shrimp.

Project description:It has long been viewed that invertebrates rely exclusively upon a wide variety of innate mechanisms for protection from disease and parasite invasion and lack any specific acquired immune mechanisms comparable to those of vertebrates. Recent findings, however, suggest certain invertebrates may be able to mount some form of specific immunity, termed 'specific immune priming', although the mechanism of this is not fully understood (see Textbox S1). In our initial experiments, either formalin-inactivated Vibrio harveyi or sterile saline were injected into the main body cavity (haemocoel) of juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Haemocytes (blood cells) from V. harveyi-injected shrimp were collected 7 days later and incubated with a 1:1 mix of V. harveyi and an unrelated gram positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. Haemocytes from 'vaccinated' shrimp showed elevated levels of phagocytosis of V. harveyi, but not B. subtilis, compared with those from saline-injected (non-immunised) animals. The increased phagocytic activity was characterised by a significant increase in the percentage of phagocytic cells. When shrimp were injected with B. subtilis rather than vibrio, there was no significant increase in the phagocytic activity of haemocytes from these animals in comparison to the non-immunised (saline injected) controls. Whole haemolymph (blood) from either 'immunised' or non-immunised' shrimp was shown to display innate humoral antibacterial activity against V. harveyi that was absent against B. subtilis. However, there was no difference in the potency of antibacterial activity between V. harveyi-injected shrimp and control (saline injected) animals showing that 'vaccination' has no effect on this component of the shrimp's immune system. These results imply that the cellular immune system of shrimp, particularly phagocytosis, is capable of a degree of specificity and shows the phenomenon of 'immune priming' reported by other workers. However, in agreement with other studies, this phenomenon is not universal to all potential pathogens.

Dataset Information

Effects of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio on Growth, Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolome of Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

Publications

Effects of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio on Growth, Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolome of Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>).

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