Dataset Information

Hospital Prevalence of Colorectal Cancer among Colonoscopy Recipients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study.

ABSTRACT: Purpose:Evidence from industrialized/developed countries showed that colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates have significantly dropped due to the widespread use of colonoscopy. In Arab countries, however, the CRC had been reported to have increased. Despite the concerted effort in the primary prevention and widespread use of colonoscopy, to our knowledge, there have been no reports of the prevalence rate of CRC among colonoscopy recipients from Oman. This study aims to explore the CRC prevalence estimates over selected sociodemographic characteristics among colonoscopy-recipients at a tertiary hospital in Oman over five years of follow-up. The regional variations in Oman were also examined in this study. Methods:This hospital-based cross-sectional study reviewed reports of colonoscopies performed over 5-years of retrospective follow-up at a tertiary hospital in Oman. CRC prevalence estimates were calculated over age, gender, governorate, and time of follow-up. Results:A total of 442 CRC cases were enumerated among 3701 colonoscopies, with an overall CRC prevalence estimate of 11.9 per 100 colonoscopies (95% CI: 10.9, 13.0). Gender-specific CRC prevalence was higher among males compared with females (13.3 vs. 10.5). Age-specific CRC prevalence increased with advancing age, from 2.8 among those less than 40 years of age to 26.5 among aged 70 years or more. Regional CRC prevalence was highest among residents in Batinah Governorate. Over the 5-years of follow-up, there was a slow rise in CRC prevalence with an annual increment of 0.59%. Conclusion:The study provides supportive evidence for a steady increase in CRC prevalence over age categories and years of follow-up and depicted the variations of gender-specific CRC prevalence estimates over increasing age categories. The study calls for timely formulation and adoption of national CRC screening programs centered on the colonoscopy use as primary prevention and maximizing its utilization and efficiency.

SUBMITTER: Alsumait AF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7178535 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hospital Prevalence of Colorectal Cancer among Colonoscopy Recipients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Alsumait Alanoud F AF Al-Farsi Yahya M YM Waly Mostafa I MI Al-Qarshoobi Issa S IS Al-Adawi Samir S Albali Nawaf H NH Al-Moundhri Mansour S MS

TheScientificWorldJournal 20200414

<h4>Purpose</h4>Evidence from industrialized/developed countries showed that colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates have significantly dropped due to the widespread use of colonoscopy. In Arab countries, however, the CRC had been reported to have increased. Despite the concerted effort in the primary prevention and widespread use of colonoscopy, to our knowledge, there have been no reports of the prevalence rate of CRC among colonoscopy recipients from Oman. This study aims to explore the CRC p ...[more]

PMID: 32351344

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Tanzania has a high prevalence (7.17%) of chronic hepatitis B infection. Mother to Child transmission is very common, resulting in high rate of chronic infections. Currently, there is no screening program for HBV in pregnant women. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for chronic HBV infection in pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. METHODS:Seven hundred and forty-three women attending antenatal care and/or delivering at the Bugando Medical Centre were enrolled. All answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic and other risk factors and were tested for HBsAg using a rapid test. In HBsAg positive mothers, maternal blood and umbilical cord blood samples collected after delivery were analyzed for serological (HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBe) and virologic (HBV-DNA viral load and genotype) markers. All their babies were vaccinated within 24?h of delivery. The children were followed up at 3 years of age. Data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, independent sample T-test and logistic regression. RESULTS:Of the 743 participants, 22 (3%) were positive for HBsAg, and 2 (9%) had detectable HBe-antigen. Low condom use was the only statistically significant risk factor for chronic HBV infection (OR?=?3.514, 95%CI?=?1.4-8.0). Of 14 maternal blood samples genotyped, 10 (71%) were genotype A and 4 (29%) were genotype D. HBV-DNA was detected in 21/22 samples, with a median of 241?IU/ml (range: 27.4-25.9?×?107 IU/ml). Five (33%) of 15 available cord blood samples were positive for HBsAg and 10 (67%) were negative. At follow-up, one child showed chronic HBV infection characteristics, one had anti-HBs level of 7 mIU/ml and 5/7(71%) had protective anti-HBs levels (>?10 mIU/ml). CONCLUSION:This cohort of pregnant women showed a lower-intermediate prevalence of HBV of 3%. In the 3 years follow-up only 1 out of 7 children showed evidence of chronic HBV infection. The child's mother with high viral load (25.9?×?107?IU/ml), was positive for HBeAg with a high degree of sequence similarity suggesting vertical transmission. These results highlight a need for improved diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection in pregnant women in Tanzania, in order to prevent vertical transmission.

Project description:BackgroundThe exact prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pre-diabetes in Swaziland remains unknown. Estimates suggest that the prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus is between 2.5 and 6.0% in Swaziland. The disparity in these estimates is due to a lack of quality data but the prevalence of diabetes is increasing in Swaziland. This study estimates the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes among patients in a tertiary hospital in Manzini, Swaziland.MethodsA cross-sectional observational survey was used to estimate the crude and age-adjusted prevalence rates of diabetes and pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)) in the Manzini regional referral hospital of Swaziland. Diabetes was defined as a fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) and pre-diabetes was defined as an FBG of 6.1-6.9 mmol/L (110-125 mg/dL) and an FBG < 7.0 mmol/L (< 126 mg/dL), respectively for IFG and IGT. A random sample of 385 participants was used. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 and the level of statistical significance was set at α < 0.05.ResultsThe crude prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes was 7.3% [95% CI 4.9-10.3] and 6.5% [95% CI 4.2-9.4], respectively, with clear gender differences in the prevalence of diabetes (men 1.6% vs women 5.7%, p = 0.001). On the other hand, significantly more men (3.6%) had pre-diabetes than women (2.9%) (p = 0.004). The overall age-adjusted prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes were 3.9 and 3.8%, respectively. Among the diabetic group, 3 (10.7%) had known T2DM, whereas 25 (89.3%) were newly diagnosed during the study. Advancing age, gender, raised blood pressure, abnormal body mass index, and wealth index were significant risk factors for T2DM or prediabetes.ConclusionThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adult outpatients in the Raleigh Fitkin Memorial hospital was higher than previously reported in the health facility in Manzini; suggesting the need for routine T2DM screening at outpatient departments.

Project description:ObjectivesDengue imposes substantial economic, societal and personal burden in terms of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality. Early identification of dengue cases with high propensity of increased hospital stay and death could be of value in isolating patients in need of early interventions. The current study was aimed to determine the significant factors associated with dengue-related prolonged hospitalisation and death.DesignCross-sectional retrospective study.SettingTertiary care teaching hospital.ParticipantsPatients with confirmed dengue diagnosis were stratified into two categories on the basis of prolonged hospitalisation (≤3 days and >3 days) and mortality (fatal cases and non-fatal cases). Clinico-laboratory characteristics between these categories were compared by using appropriate statistical methods.ResultsOf 667 patients enrolled, 328 (49.2%) had prolonged hospitalisation. The mean hospital stay was 4.88±2.74 days. Multivariate analysis showed that dengue haemorrhagic fever (OR 2.3), elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (OR 2.3), prolonged prothrombin time (PT) (OR 1.7), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (OR 1.9) and multiple-organ dysfunctions (OR 2.1) were independently associated with prolonged hospitalisation. Overall case fatality rate was 1.1%. Factors associated with dengue mortality were age >40 years (p=0.004), secondary infection (p=0.040), comorbidities (p<0.05), acute kidney injury (p<0.001), prolonged PT (p=0.022), multiple-organ dysfunctions (p<0.001), haematocrit >20% (p=0.001), rhabdomyolosis (p<0.001) and respiratory failure (p=0.007). Approximately half of the fatal cases in our study had prolonged hospital stay of greater than three days.ConclusionsThe results underscore the high proportion of dengue patients with prolonged hospital stay. Early identification of factors relating to prolonged hospitalisation and death will have obvious advantages in terms of appropriate decisions about treatment and management in high dependency units.

Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate whether screening kidney transplant recipients aged over 50 years for colorectal cancer with a faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin might be justified, by determining the prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia and evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of faecal haemoglobin testing compared with colonoscopy in a population of kidney transplant recipients at otherwise average risk.DesignCross sectional prevalence and diagnostic accuracy study with index test of faecal haemoglobin and reference standard of colonoscopy.SettingOutpatient clinics in metropolitan and regional hospitals in South Australia.Participants229 kidney transplant recipients aged 50 years and over, who were at least 6 months (mean 9.0 (SD 8.4) years) post-transplant and otherwise at average risk of colorectal cancer, completed the study between June 2008 and October 2011.InterventionsFaecal immunochemical testing (Enterix Insure) for human haemoglobin, followed by colonoscopy with histological evaluation of retrieved samples.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia, defined as an adenoma at least 10 mm in diameter, villous features, high grade dysplasia, or colorectal cancer; sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of faecal haemoglobin testing for advanced neoplasia compared with colonoscopy.ResultsAdvanced colorectal neoplasia was found in 29 (13%, 95% confidence interval 9% to 18%) participants, including 2% (n=4) with high grade dysplasia and 2% (n=5) with colorectal cancer. Faecal testing for haemoglobin was positive in 12% (n=28); sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for advanced neoplasia were 31.0% (15.3% to 50.8%), 90.5% (85.6% to 94.2%), 32.1% (15.9% to 52.4%), and 90.1% (85.1% to 93.8%). Colonoscopy was well tolerated, with no significant adverse outcomes. To identify one case of advanced neoplasia, 8 (6 to 12) colonoscopies were needed.ConclusionsKidney transplant recipients aged over 50 years have a high prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia. Faecal haemoglobin screening for colorectal neoplasia has similar performance characteristics in transplant recipients to those reported in general population studies, with poor sensitivity but reasonable specificity. Surveillance colonoscopy might be a more appropriate approach in this population.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12608000154303.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Malaria and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection constitute public health problems in Cameroon including the South West Region (SWR). This study determined the prevalence of malaria parasites and haematological abnormalities in HIV positive patients in Limbe, Cameroon from April-July 2014. METHODS:The study was cross-sectional and involved 411 participants who were administered structured questionnaires to record socio-demographic and clinical data. Three hundred and nine (309) HIV positive patients and one hundred and two (102) HIV negative individuals were examined clinically and venous blood collected for malaria parasite detection, HIV infection diagnosis and full blood count analysis. RESULTS:Overall malaria parasite prevalence was 14.1% (58/411). This prevalence was significantly higher (P?<? 0.001) in the HIV negative participants (33.3%, 34/102) compared to the HIV positive patients (7.8%, 24/309). Amongst HIV positive participants, malaria parasite prevalence was significantly higher in female patients (P?=?0.003), febrile patients (P?<? 0.001), anaemic patients (P?=?0.015) and in patients who were not on antiretroviral treatment (ART) (P?=?0.03) when compared with their respective counterparts. Among the HIV negative group, though not significant, malaria parasite prevalence was higher in females, febrile and anaemic patients when compared with their respective counterparts. Overall anaemia prevalence was 52.1% (214/309) and was significantly higher (P?=?0.004) in HIV positive patients (56%, 173) than in HIV negative participants (40.2%, 41). Malaria/HIV co-infected patients had a significantly lower mean value of Hb (P?=?0.002), RBC (P?=?0.002) and Hct (P?=?0.001) when compared with HIV-infected patients. CONCLUSION:HIV negative participants had a higher prevalence of malaria parasites than their HIV positive counterparts. Anaemia prevalence was higher in HIV positive patients than in HIV negative participants. Malaria/HIV co-infected patients presented with more red blood cell abnormalities than HIV-infected patients.

Project description:Background Despite massive research guidelines, high blood pressure remains a major public health concern since barriers to treatment and control are on the rise. Lack of awareness is one of the serious impediments to managing hypertension. Therefore, this study is designed to gauge awareness, beliefs, and practices related to hypertension amongst diagnosed subjects. Methods A total of 425 hypertensive patients were recruited from the wards and outpatient department of Jinnah Medical College Hospital located in Korangi district, Karachi. Data was obtained regarding socio-demographics, comorbidity, duration of HTN, current BP readings, and BMI. Additionally, awareness, practices, treatment, and control of hypertension were also assessed. Using IBM SPSS version 25.0, a chi-square test was run for categorical variables to analyze the differences in demographic variables, awareness, practices, and treatment between controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive patients. Multivariate regression model was used to identify the risk factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results 65.6% of the total study population was females, of which, 70.7% had uncontrolled hypertension, with a p-value of 0.007. Majority of the candidates were between the ages of 50 and 59 and there was a significant difference in age groups of controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive patients (p-value = 0.019). Co-morbidities and duration of hypertension yielded no significant results. Awareness, treatment, and practices of lifestyle modifications amongst controlled or uncontrolled hypertension groups were not statistically significant. Age and female gender were the only risk factors significantly linked with uncontrolled hypertension. Conclusion Overall, there was no significant difference in the statistics of controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive patients. This requires further investigation and evaluation to identify the unknown risk factors and co-morbid contributing to these findings. Most of the patients are on treatment and still not controlled, and this could be considered under treatment. Health professional's advice and counseling skills, social media, internet, and public awareness sessions can play an active role in the management of BP and its associated complications. Highlights • Data regarding the awareness of lifestyle modifications in the general hypertensive population of Pakistan is scarce.• Out of 425 hypertensive patients, 70.7% had uncontrolled hypertension. Age and female gender were the only risk factors significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension.• Most of the patients are on treatment and still not controlled, and thus could be considered under treatment. Interventions should be considered and implemented to potentially increase the control rates.

Dataset Information

Hospital Prevalence of Colorectal Cancer among Colonoscopy Recipients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Publications

Hospital Prevalence of Colorectal Cancer among Colonoscopy Recipients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study.

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