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The Ups and Downs of Cognitive Function: Neuroticism and Negative Affect Drive Performance Inconsistency.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:Response time inconsistency (RTI)-or trial-to-trial variability in speeded performance-is increasingly recognized as an indicator of transient lapses of attention, cognitive health status, and central nervous system integrity, as well as a potential early indicator of normal and pathological cognitive aging. Comparatively, little research has examined personality predictors of RTI across adulthood. METHODS:We evaluated the association between the personality trait neuroticism and RTI in a community-dwelling sample of 317 adults between the ages of 19-83 and tested for two indirect pathways through negative affect (NA) and cognitive interference (CI). RESULTS:The personality trait neuroticism predicted greater RTI independent of mean response time performance and demographic covariates; the results were age-invariant. Furthermore, NA (but not CI) accounted for this association and moderated mediation model results indicated that older adults were more vulnerable to the adverse effects of NA. DISCUSSION:Neuroticism predicts greater RTI irrespective of mean performance and this effect is driven largely by heightened negative emotionality that may be particularly detrimental for older adults.

SUBMITTER: Munoz E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7179809 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Ups and Downs of Cognitive Function: Neuroticism and Negative Affect Drive Performance Inconsistency.

Munoz Elizabeth E Stawski Robert S RS Sliwinski Martin J MJ Smyth Joshua M JM MacDonald Stuart W S SWS

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences 20200101 2

<h4>Objectives</h4>Response time inconsistency (RTI)-or trial-to-trial variability in speeded performance-is increasingly recognized as an indicator of transient lapses of attention, cognitive health status, and central nervous system integrity, as well as a potential early indicator of normal and pathological cognitive aging. Comparatively, little research has examined personality predictors of RTI across adulthood.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated the association between the personality trait neuro ...[more]

PMID: 29590450

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Project description:Recent genome-wide analyses have uncovered a high accumulation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at the 5' end of genes. This elevated Pol II presence at promoters, referred to here as Poll II poising, is mainly (but not exclusively) attributed to temporal pausing of transcription during early elongation which, in turn, has been proposed to be a regulatory step for processes that need to be activated "on demand". Yet, the full genome-wide regulatory role of Pol II poising is yet to be delineated. To elucidate the role of Pol II poising in B cell activation, we compared Pol II profiles in resting and activated B cells. We found that while Pol II poised genes generally overlap functionally among different B cell states and correspond to the functional groups previously identified for other cell types, non-poised genes are B cell state specific. Focusing on the changes in transcription activity upon B cell activation, we found that the majority of such changes were from poised to non-poised state. The genes showing this type of transition were functionally enriched in translation, RNA processing and mRNA metabolic process. Interestingly, we also observed a transition from non-poised to poised state. Within this set of genes we identified several Immediate Early Genes (IEG), which were highly expressed in resting B cell and shifted from non-poised to poised state after B cell activation. Thus Pol II poising does not only mark genes for rapid expression in the future, but it is also associated with genes that are silenced after a burst of their expression. Finally, we performed comparative analysis of the presence of G4 motifs in the context of poised versus non-poised but active genes. Interestingly we observed a differential enrichment of these motifs upstream versus downstream of TSS depending on poising status. The enrichment of G4 sequence motifs upstream of TSS of non-poised active genes suggests a potential role of quadruplexes in expression regulation.

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The Ups and Downs of Cognitive Function: Neuroticism and Negative Affect Drive Performance Inconsistency.

Publications

The Ups and Downs of Cognitive Function: Neuroticism and Negative Affect Drive Performance Inconsistency.

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