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Cardiovascular and Autonomic Dysfunction in Murine Ligature-Induced Periodontitis.

ABSTRACT: The present study examined the hemodynamics [arterial pressure (AP), AP variability (APV), heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV)], cardiac function (echocardiographycally), and myocardial inflammation in Balb/c mice submitted to Periodontitis, through the ligation of the left first molar, or Sham surgical procedure. The first protocol indicated that the AP was similar (136?±?2 vs. 132?±?3?mmHg in Sham), while the HR was higher in mice with Periodontitis (475?±?20 vs. 412?±?18 bpm in Sham), compared to their Sham counterparts. The APV was higher in mice with Periodontitis when evaluated in the time domain (4.5?±?0.3 vs. 3.4?±?0.2?mmHg in Sham), frequency domain (power of the LF band of systolic AP), or through symbolic analysis (patterns 0V?+?1V), indicating a sympathetic overactivity. The HRV was similar in the mice with Periodontitis, as compared to their Sham counterparts. In the second protocol, the mice with Periodontitis showed decreased cardiac output (10?±?0.8 vs. 15?±?1.4?mL/min in Sham) and ejection fraction (37?±?3 vs. 47?±?2% in Sham) associated with increased myocardial cytokines (Interleukin-17, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-4). This study shows that experimental Periodontitis caused cardiac dysfunction, increased heart cytokines, and sympathetic overactivity, in line with epidemiological studies indicating an increased risk of cardiovascular events in clinical Periodontitis.

SUBMITTER: Ribeiro AB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7181832 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cardiovascular and Autonomic Dysfunction in Murine Ligature-Induced Periodontitis.

Ribeiro Aline Barbosa AB Santos-Junior Nilton Nascimento NN Luiz João Paulo Mesquita JPM de Oliveira Mauro M Kanashiro Alexandre A Taira Thaise Mayumi TM Fukada Sandra Yasuyo SY Alves-Filho José Carlos JC Fazan Junior Rubens R Salgado Helio Cesar HC

Scientific reports 20200423 1

The present study examined the hemodynamics [arterial pressure (AP), AP variability (APV), heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV)], cardiac function (echocardiographycally), and myocardial inflammation in Balb/c mice submitted to Periodontitis, through the ligation of the left first molar, or Sham surgical procedure. The first protocol indicated that the AP was similar (136 ± 2 vs. 132 ± 3 mmHg in Sham), while the HR was higher in mice with Periodontitis (475 ± 20 vs. 412 ± 18 bpm in ...[more]

PMID: 32327711

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Project description:Background: Clozapine is the antipsychotic of choice for treatment-resistant schizophrenia and has minimal risk for extrapyramidal symptoms. Therapeutic benefits, however, are accompanied by a myriad of cardiometabolic side-effects. The specific reasons for clozapine's high propensity to cause adverse cardiometabolic events remain unknown, but it is believed that autonomic dysfunction may play a role in many of these. Objective: This systematic review summarizes the literature on autonomic dysfunction and related cardiovascular side effects associated with clozapine treatment. Method: A search of the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and EBM Cochrane databases was conducted using the search terms antipsychotic agents, antipsychotic drug*, antipsychotic*, schizophrenia, schizophren*, psychos*, psychotic*, mental ill*, mental disorder*, neuroleptic*, cardiovascular*, cardiovascular diseases, clozapine*, clozaril*, autonomic*, sympathetic*, catecholamine*, norepinephrine, noradrenaline, epinephrine, adrenaline. Results: The search yielded 37 studies that were reviewed, of which only 16 studies have used interventions to manage cardiovascular side effects. Side effects reported in the studies include myocarditis, orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia. These were attributed to sympathetic hyperactivity, decreased vagal contribution, blockade of cholinergic and adrenergic receptors, reduced heart rate variability and elevated catecholamines with clozapine use. Autonomic neuropathy was identified by monitoring blood pressure and heart rate changes in response to stimuli and by spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Metoprolol, lorazepam, atenolol, propranolol, amlodipine, vasopressin and norepinephrine infusion were used to treat tachycardia and fluctuations in blood pressure, yet results were limited to case reports. Conclusion: The results indicate there is a lack of clinical studies investigating autonomic dysfunction and a limited use of interventions to manage cardiovascular side effects associated with clozapine. As there is often no alternative treatment for refractory schizophrenia, the current review highlights the need for better designed studies, use of autonomic tests for prevention of cardiovascular disease and development of novel interventions for clozapine-induced side effects.

Dataset Information

Cardiovascular and Autonomic Dysfunction in Murine Ligature-Induced Periodontitis.

Publications

Cardiovascular and Autonomic Dysfunction in Murine Ligature-Induced Periodontitis.

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