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Evaluation of the efficacy of drug treatment based on measurement of the oxidative stress, using reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential, in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

ABSTRACT: Background:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, mainly characterized by impairment of social communication and restricted interests. ASD is frequently accompanied by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterized by carelessness, hyperactivity and impulsivity (ASD/ADHD). It has been suggested that ASD and ADHD are associated with oxidative stress, that is, that patients with ASD/ADHD are in a state of increased oxidative stress. There are currenr tly no objective or biological test criteria for evaluating the efficacy of drug therapy in these patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether oxidative stress markers [serum reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) levels and biological antioxidant potential (BAP)] can be used as objective indicators for evaluating the efficacy of drug treatment in ASD/ADHD patients. Methods:The subjects of this study subjects were 50 Japanese patients with ASD/ADHD aged 4 to 14?years old. Serum samples were obtained from the patients to measure the serum levels of d-ROMs and the serum BAP. The study subjects were divided into two age groups: preschool children (4 to 6?years old) and school-age children (7 to 14?years old), and the serum levels of d-ROMs, serum BAP, serum BAP/d-ROMs ratio (hereinafter, the prefix serum will be dropped), and scores on the Parent-interview ASD Rating Scales-Text Revision (PARS-TR) and ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) were determined before and after drug therapy and compared between the two groups. In addition, changes in the d-ROMs, BAP and BAP/d-ROMs ratio and changes in the scores on the PARS-TR and ADHD-RS after treatment were also analyzed. Results:Significant decrease of the d-ROMs, BAP, and scores on the PARS-TR and ADHD-RS, with a significant increase of the BAP/d-ROMs ratio, was observed after treatment. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between the changes in the d-ROMs and changes in the scores on the PARS-TR and ADHD-RS after treatment in the school-age ASD/ADHD children. Conclusion:Our results suggest the possibility that the serum level of d-ROMs may be useful as an objective assessment marker to supplement the subjective assessment of the effects of drug treatment in school-age children with ASD/ADHD.

SUBMITTER: Kitaoka T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7183642 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evaluation of the efficacy of drug treatment based on measurement of the oxidative stress, using reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential, in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Kitaoka Taisuke T Morimoto Masahito M Hashimoto Toshiaki T Tsuda Yoshimi Y Nakatsu Tadanori T Kyotani Shojiro S

Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences 20200425

<h4>Background</h4>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, mainly characterized by impairment of social communication and restricted interests. ASD is frequently accompanied by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterized by carelessness, hyperactivity and impulsivity (ASD/ADHD). It has been suggested that ASD and ADHD are associated with oxidative stress, that is, that patients with ASD/ADHD are in a state of increased oxidative stress. There ...[more]

PMID: 32351702

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Project description:Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are two of the most represented neurodevelopmental conditions in childhood. The diagnostic shift introduced by the DSM-5, allowing a combined diagnosis of ADHD and ASD, poses different clinical challenges related to diagnostic overshadowing, accuracy of clinical judgment and potential delay in an ASD diagnosis in children presenting with ADHD. Here we tried to disentangle the clinical phenotype and specificity of the two co-occurring conditions in relation to autism traits and empathy, by comparing children with ASD with and without comorbid ADHD with children presenting ADHD only and children with typical development. The child versions of the Autism Quotient (C-AQ) and Empathy Quotient (C-EQ) were administered to a total sample of 198 male children between 6 and 14 years old with age appropriate language skills and normal intelligence. Univariate analysis demonstrated no significant differences in the C-AQ total and subscale scores as well as the C-EQ between children with ASD and children with ASD + ADHD, while children with ADHD alone presented an intermediate phenotype between ASD and TD. Furthermore, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to discriminate among the different phenotypes. We found that the C-AQ and C-EQ were accurate at distinguishing with satisfactory reliability between: (a) ASD vs. non- ASD (N-ASD) groups comprising both ADHD and TD children (Area Under the Curve AUC 88% for C-AQ and 81% for C-EQ); (b) ASD and TD (AUC 92% for C-AQ and 95% for C-EQ); (c) ASD and ADHD (AUC 80% for C-AQ and 68% for C-EQ). Our data confirm the reliability of the C-AQ and C-EQ as behavioral markers to differentiate ASD (regardless of comorbid ADHD) from an ADHD condition and TD. Interestingly, in our sample an ADHD condition does not increase the severity of the clinical phenotype in terms of autism traits distribution and empathy, suggesting that the psychological measures detected by the two quantitative instruments are independent of ADHD traits. This evidence will contribute to the translational efforts in developing better tailored treatments and preventive strategies.

Dataset Information

Evaluation of the efficacy of drug treatment based on measurement of the oxidative stress, using reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential, in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Publications

Evaluation of the efficacy of drug treatment based on measurement of the oxidative stress, using reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential, in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Similar Datasets

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