Dataset Information

Artificial intelligence in tongue diagnosis: Using deep convolutional neural network for recognizing unhealthy tongue with tooth-mark.

ABSTRACT: Tongue diagnosis plays a pivotal role in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. As one of the most important tongue characteristics, tooth-marked tongue is related to spleen deficiency and can greatly contribute to the symptoms differentiation and treatment selection. Yet, the tooth-marked tongue recognition for TCM practitioners is subjective and challenging. Most of the previous studies have concentrated on subjectively selected features of the tooth-marked region and gained accuracy under 80%. In the present study, we proposed an artificial intelligence framework using deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for the recognition of tooth-marked tongue. First, we constructed relatively large datasets with 1548 tongue images captured by different equipments. Then, we used ResNet34 CNN architecture to extract features and perform classifications. The overall accuracy of the models was over 90%. Interestingly, the models can be successfully generalized to images captured by other devices with different illuminations. The good effectiveness and generalization of our framework may provide objective and convenient computer-aided tongue diagnostic method on tracking disease progression and evaluating pharmacological effect from a informatics perspective.

SUBMITTER: Wang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7186367 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Artificial intelligence in tongue diagnosis: Using deep convolutional neural network for recognizing unhealthy tongue with tooth-mark.

Wang Xu X Liu Jingwei J Wu Chaoyong C Liu Junhong J Li Qianqian Q Chen Yufeng Y Wang Xinrong X Chen Xinli X Pang Xiaohan X Chang Binglong B Lin Jiaying J Zhao Shifeng S Li Zhihong Z Deng Qingqiong Q Lu Yi Y Zhao Dongbin D Chen Jianxin J

Computational and structural biotechnology journal 20200408

Tongue diagnosis plays a pivotal role in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. As one of the most important tongue characteristics, tooth-marked tongue is related to spleen deficiency and can greatly contribute to the symptoms differentiation and treatment selection. Yet, the tooth-marked tongue recognition for TCM practitioners is subjective and challenging. Most of the previous studies have concentrated on subjectively selected features of the tooth-marked region and gaine ...[more]

PMID: 32368332

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Project description:BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) has been extensively used in a range of medical fields to promote therapeutic development. The development of diverse AI techniques has also contributed to early detections, disease diagnoses, and referral management. However, concerns about the value of advanced AI in disease diagnosis have been raised by health care professionals, medical service providers, and health policy decision makers.ObjectiveThis review aimed to systematically examine the literature, in particular, focusing on the performance comparison between advanced AI and human clinicians to provide an up-to-date summary regarding the extent of the application of AI to disease diagnoses. By doing so, this review discussed the relationship between the current advanced AI development and clinicians with respect to disease diagnosis and thus therapeutic development in the long run.MethodsWe systematically searched articles published between January 2000 and March 2019 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis in the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. According to the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria, only articles comparing the medical performance between advanced AI and human experts were considered.ResultsA total of 9 articles were identified. A convolutional neural network was the commonly applied advanced AI technology. Owing to the variation in medical fields, there is a distinction between individual studies in terms of classification, labeling, training process, dataset size, and algorithm validation of AI. Performance indices reported in articles included diagnostic accuracy, weighted errors, false-positive rate, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The results showed that the performance of AI was at par with that of clinicians and exceeded that of clinicians with less experience.ConclusionsCurrent AI development has a diagnostic performance that is comparable with medical experts, especially in image recognition-related fields. Further studies can be extended to other types of medical imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging and other medical practices unrelated to images. With the continued development of AI-assisted technologies, the clinical implications underpinned by clinicians' experience and guided by patient-centered health care principle should be constantly considered in future AI-related and other technology-based medical research.

Dataset Information

Artificial intelligence in tongue diagnosis: Using deep convolutional neural network for recognizing unhealthy tongue with tooth-mark.

Publications

Artificial intelligence in tongue diagnosis: Using deep convolutional neural network for recognizing unhealthy tongue with tooth-mark.

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