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Interpretation bias and contamination-based obsessive-compulsive symptoms influence emotional intensity related to disgust and fear.

ABSTRACT: Biased processing of disgust-related stimuli is increasingly discussed in addition to fear-related processing as a maintenance factor for contamination-based obsessive-compulsive disorder (C-OCD). However, the differential impact of fear and disgust on biased processing in C-OCD is not yet completely understood. Because it is difficult to distinguish the two emotions in self-report assessment by directly addressing the specific emotions, a text paragraph-based interpretation bias paradigm was applied to more implicitly assess emotions. For the text-based interpretation bias paradigm, disgust-related, fear-related, disgust-fear-ambiguous and neutral text paragraphs describing everyday life situations were developed and validated in a pre-study (N = 205). Fifty-nine healthy participants watched either disgust- or fear-inducing movies and afterwards rated their experienced emotional response to the text paragraphs. The results show that fear and disgust components of an emotional response to mixed-emotional situations are strongly influenced by the situational context, and across the levels of trait contamination fear people did not differ in their fear experiences to everyday situations (which was overall strong), but in their disgust experiences. These findings highlight the strength of situational context on interpretation bias for mixed-emotional disorders and the important role of disgust for C-OCD.

SUBMITTER: Fink-Lamotte J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7192464 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interpretation bias and contamination-based obsessive-compulsive symptoms influence emotional intensity related to disgust and fear.

Fink-Lamotte Jakob J Widmann Andreas A Fader Judith J Exner Cornelia C

PloS one 20200430 4

Biased processing of disgust-related stimuli is increasingly discussed in addition to fear-related processing as a maintenance factor for contamination-based obsessive-compulsive disorder (C-OCD). However, the differential impact of fear and disgust on biased processing in C-OCD is not yet completely understood. Because it is difficult to distinguish the two emotions in self-report assessment by directly addressing the specific emotions, a text paragraph-based interpretation bias paradigm was ap ...[more]

PMID: 32353055

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Project description:We investigated whether obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms from a population-based sample could be analyzed to detect genetic variants influencing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We performed a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on the obsession (rumination and impulsions) and compulsion (checking, washing, and ordering/precision) subscales of an abbreviated version of the Padua Inventory (N = 8,267 with genome-wide genotyping and phenotyping). The compulsion subscale showed a substantial and significant positive genetic correlation with an OCD case-control GWAS (r G = 0.61, p = .017) previously published by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC-OCD). The obsession subscale and the total Padua score showed no significant genetic correlations (r G = -0.02 and r G = 0.42, respectively). A meta-analysis of the compulsive symptoms GWAS with the PGC-OCD revealed no genome-wide significant Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs combined N = 17,992, indicating that the power is still low for individual SNP effects). A gene-based association analysis, however, yielded two novel genes (WDR7 and ADCK1). The top 250 genes in the gene-based test also showed a significant increase in enrichment for psychiatric and brain-expressed genes. S-Predixcan testing showed that for genes expressed in hippocampus, amygdala, and caudate nucleus significance increased in the meta-analysis with compulsive symptoms compared to the original PGC-OCD GWAS. Thus, the inclusion of dimensional symptom data in genome-wide association on clinical case-control GWAS of OCD may be useful to find genes for OCD if the data are based on quantitative indices of compulsive behavior. SNP-level power increases were limited, but aggregate, gene-level analyses showed increased enrichment for brain-expressed genes related to psychiatric disorders, and increased association with gene expression in brain tissues with known emotional, reward processing, memory, and fear-formation functions.

Project description:ImportanceNeurobiological models have postulated shared neural mechanisms between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and substance use disorders, but results from clinical and epidemiological studies are conflicting or even suggest that OCD may be protective against substance misuse.ObjectiveTo investigate whether OCD and obsessive-compulsive symptoms are associated with substance misuse and the extent to which shared genetic and/or environmental factors account for this association.Design, setting, and participantsIn this cohort study, individuals in the general population of Sweden born between January 1, 1932, and December 31, 1997 (population cohort), were followed up through Swedish nationwide registers from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2013. The second cohort included twin participants in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) followed up from ages 18 to 24 years. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022.ExposuresLifetime International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, diagnosis of OCD in the National Patient Register (population cohort 1), and self-reported obsessive-compulsive symptoms at 18 years of age (CATSS cohort).Main outcomes and measuresSubstance misuse was defined as registered substance use-related disorder, criminal conviction, or death (population cohort), and self-reported alcohol and drug dependence symptoms at 18 and 24 years of age (CATSS cohort).ResultsThe general population cohort included 6 304 188 individuals (48.9% women and 51.1% men; median baseline age, 30.5 [IQR, 15.0-46.4] years), of whom 27 342 had an OCD diagnosis. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was associated with an elevated risk of substance misuse (hazard ratio, 3.68 [95% CI, 3.52-3.85]). In the 9230 individuals in the CATSS cohort (5551 women [60.1%] and 3679 men [39.9%]), obsessive-compulsive symptoms at 18 years of age were associated with increased symptoms of alcohol dependence (concurrent [n = 9219], β = 0.18 [95% CI, 0.16-0.20]; longitudinal [n = 3381], β = 0.10 [95% CI, 0.06-0.14]) and drug dependence (concurrent [n = 749], β = 0.19 [95% CI, 0.11-0.27]; longitudinal [n = 452], β = 0.15 [95% CI, 0.04-0.25]). Comorbid anxiety and depression did not entirely explain the associations in either cohort. Using data from full siblings and maternal half-siblings (population cohort) and monozygotic and dizygotic twins (CATSS cohort) provided estimates of the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences to the covariance between OCD and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and substance misuse or dependence. The associations were explained by genetic (56%-68%) and nonshared environmental (32%-44%) factors.Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of this Swedish population-based cohort study challenge the notion that OCD is protective against developing substance misuse. The association of OCD and obsessive-compulsive symptoms with substance misuse was largely explained by shared genetics but was also compatible with partial environmental mediation.

Dataset Information

Interpretation bias and contamination-based obsessive-compulsive symptoms influence emotional intensity related to disgust and fear.

Publications

Interpretation bias and contamination-based obsessive-compulsive symptoms influence emotional intensity related to disgust and fear.

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