Functional Microbial Responses to Alcohol Abstinence in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Gao B
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7193112 | biostudies-literature | 2020
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Functional Microbial Responses to Alcohol Abstinence in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder.
Gao Bei B Emami Atoosa A Zhou Rongrong R Lang Sonja S Duan Yi Y Wang Yanhan Y Jiang Lu L Loomba Rohit R Brenner David A DA Stärkel Peter P Schnabl Bernd B
Frontiers in physiology 20200424
Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with hepatic steatosis and dysregulation of the gut microbiota in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, how gut microbiota responds when patients stop drinking has not been well studied. In this study, we use shotgun metagenomic sequencing to elucidate the alterations in the functional capacity of gut microbiota in patients with AUD when they stop drinking for 2-weeks. Sensitive microbial pathways to alcohol abstinence were identified in A ...[more]
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Project description:Intestinal virome in alcohol use disorder and abstinence Raw sequence reads
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Project description:Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with brain-wide gray matter (GM) reduction, but the frontocerebellar circuit seems specifically affected by chronic alcohol consumption. T1 weighted MRI data from 38 AUD patients at one month of sobriety and three months later and from 25 controls were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and a graph theory approach (GTA). We investigated the degree to which the frontocerebellar circuit's integration within the brain's GM network architecture was altered by AUD-related GM volume loss. The VBM analyses did not reveal significant GM volume differences between relapsers and abstainers at either timepoint, but future relapsers at both timepoints had significantly less GM than controls in the frontocerebellar circuit. Abstainers, who at baseline also showed the most pronounced GM loss in the thalamus, showed a significant circuit-wide GM increase with inter-scan abstinence. The post-hoc GTAs revealed a persistent diffuse global atrophy in both AUD groups at follow-up relative to controls and different recovery patterns in the two AUD groups. Our findings suggest that future relapsers do not just present with a more severe expression of the same AUD consequences than abstainers, but that AUD affects the frontocerebellar circuit differently in relapsers and abstainers.
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| S-EPMC8552111 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstinence is a lifelong endeavor, and the risk of a relapse is always present for patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The aim of the study was to better understand specific characteristics of the intrinsic whole-brain-network architecture of 34 AUD patients that may support abstinence or relapse. We used Graph Theory Analysis (GTA) of resting-state fMRI data from treatment seekers at 1 month of abstinence and their follow-up data as abstainers or relapsers 3 months later, together with data from 30 light/non-drinking controls scanned at the same interval. We determined the group-specific intrinsic community configurations at both timepoints as well as the corresponding modularity Q, a GTA measure that quantifies how well individual network communities are separated from each other. Both AUD groups at both timepoints had community configurations significantly different from those of controls, but the three groups did not significantly differ in their Q values. However, relapsers showed a maladaptive community configuration at baseline, which became more similar to the controls' community organization after the relapsers had started consuming alcohol again during the study interval. Additionally, successful recovery from AUD was not associated with re-gaining the intrinsic brain organization found in light/non-drinkers, but with a re-configuration resulting in a new brain organization distinctly different from that of healthy controls. Resting-state fMRI provides useful measures reflecting neuroplastic adaptations related to AUD treatment outcome.
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