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Discovery of Ternary Silicon Titanium Nitride with Spinel-Type Structure.

ABSTRACT: Here we report on the discovery of a ternary silicon titanium nitride with the general composition (Si_1-x,Ti_x)₃N₄ with x = 0 < x < 1 and spinel-type crystal structure. The novel nitride is formed from an amorphous silicon titanium nitride (SiTiN) precursor under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions in a large volume high-pressure device. Under the conditions of 15-20 GPa and 1800-2000 °C, spinel-type γ-Si₃N₄ and rock salt-type c-TiN are formed. In addition, crystals of the discovered nano-sized ternary phase (Si_1-x,Ti_x)₃N₄ embedded in γ-Si₃N₄ are identified. The ternary compound is formed due to kinetically-controlled synthesis conditions and is analyzed to exhibit the spinel-type structure with ca. 8 atom% of Ti. The Ti atoms occur in both Ti³⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ oxidation states and are located on the Si sites. The ternary nano-crystals have to be described as (Si,Ti)₃N₄ with N-vacancies resulting in the general composition (Si⁴⁺_1-x Ti⁴⁺_x-δTi³⁺_δ)₃N_4-δ.

SUBMITTER: Bhat S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7193582 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Discovery of Ternary Silicon Titanium Nitride with Spinel-Type Structure.

Bhat Shrikant S Lale Abhijeet A Bernard Samuel S Zhang Wei W Ishikawa Ryo R Haseen Shariq S Kroll Peter P Wiehl Leonore L Farla Robert R Katsura Tomoo T Ikuhara Yuichi Y Riedel Ralf R

Scientific reports 20200430 1

Here we report on the discovery of a ternary silicon titanium nitride with the general composition (Si1-x,Tix)3N4 with x = 0 < x < 1 and spinel-type crystal structure. The novel nitride is formed from an amorphous silicon titanium nitride (SiTiN) precursor under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions in a large volume high-pressure device. Under the conditions of 15-20 GPa and 1800-2000 °C, spinel-type γ-Si3N4 and rock salt-typ ...[more]

PMID: 32355306

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Project description:The current study provides more insights about the surface bioactivity of the silicon nitride (Si3N4) as a potential candidate for bone regeneration in craniofacial and orthopaedic applications compared with conventional implantation materials. Current skeletal reconstructive materials such as titanium and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) are limited by poor long-term stability, biocompatibility and prolonged healing. Si3N4 is an FDA-approved material for an intervertebral spacer in spinal fusion applications. It is biocompatible and has antimicrobial properties. Here, we hypothesize that Si3N4 was found to be an osteoconductive material and conducts the growth, differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells for extracellular matrix deposition, mineralization and eventual bone regeneration for craniofacial and orthopaedic applications. MC3T3-E1 cells were used to study the osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization on sterile samples of Si3N4, titanium alloy and PEEK. The samples were then analysed for extracellular matrix deposition and mineralization by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, Alizarin Red, qRT-PCR and ELISA. The in vitro study indicates the formation of collagen fibres and mineral deposition on all three sample surfaces. There was more profound and faster ECM deposition and mineralization on Si3N4 surface as compared to titanium and PEEK. The FTIR and Raman spectroscopy show formation of collagen and mineral deposition at 30 days for Si3N4 and titanium and not PEEK. The peaks shown by Raman for Si3N4 resemble closely to natural bone. Results also indicate the upregulation of osteogenic transcription factors such as RUNX2, SP7, collagen type I and osteocalcin. The authors concluded that Si3N4 rapidly conducts mineralized tissue formation via extracellular matrix deposition and biomarker expression in mouse calvarial pre-osteoblast cells. Thus, this study confirms that the bioactive Si3N4 could be a potential material for craniofacial and orthopaedic applications leading to rapid bone regeneration that resemble the natural bone structure.

Dataset Information

Discovery of Ternary Silicon Titanium Nitride with Spinel-Type Structure.

Publications

Discovery of Ternary Silicon Titanium Nitride with Spinel-Type Structure.

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