Dataset Information

Aluminum tolerance mechanisms in Kenyan maize germplasm are independent from the citrate transporter ZmMATE1.

ABSTRACT: Aluminum (Al) toxicity on acid soils adversely affects maize yields, which can be overcome by combining soil amendments with genetic tolerance. In maize, ZmMATE1 confers Al tolerance via Al-activated citrate release, whereby citrate forms non-toxic complexes with Al3+ in the rhizosphere. Here, we investigated Al tolerance mechanisms in maize germplasm originated from Kenya based on quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. Five QTLs and four epistatic interactions explained ~51% of the phenotypic variation for Al tolerance. The lack of Al tolerance QTL on chromosome 6 and the much lower expression of ZmMATE1 in both Kenyan lines than in Cateto Al237, which donates the superior allele of ZmMATE1, strongly indicate that this gene does not play a significant role in Al tolerance in neither parent. In turn, maize homologs to genes previously implicated in Al tolerance in other species, ZmNrat1, ZmMATE3, ZmWRKY and ZmART1, co-localized with Al tolerance QTL and were more highly expressed in the parent that donate favorable QTL alleles. However, these candidate genes will require further studies for functional validation on maize Al tolerance. The existence of Al tolerance mechanisms independent from ZmMATE1 suggests it is possible to develop highly Al tolerant cultivars by pyramiding complementary Al tolerance genes in maize.

SUBMITTER: Matonyei TK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7193623 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Aluminum tolerance mechanisms in Kenyan maize germplasm are independent from the citrate transporter ZmMATE1.

Matonyei Thomas K TK Barros Beatriz A BA Guimaraes Roberta G N RGN Ouma Evans O EO Cheprot Reuben K RK Apolinário Leandro C LC Ligeyo Dickson O DO Costa Marcella B R MBR Were Beatrice A BA Kisinyo Peter O PO Onkware Augustino O AO Noda Roberto W RW Gudu Samuel O SO Magalhaes Jurandir V JV Guimaraes Claudia T CT

Scientific reports 20200430 1

Aluminum (Al) toxicity on acid soils adversely affects maize yields, which can be overcome by combining soil amendments with genetic tolerance. In maize, ZmMATE1 confers Al tolerance via Al-activated citrate release, whereby citrate forms non-toxic complexes with Al<sup>3+</sup> in the rhizosphere. Here, we investigated Al tolerance mechanisms in maize germplasm originated from Kenya based on quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. Five QTLs and four epistatic interactions explained ~51% of the p ...[more]

PMID: 32355284

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Project description:Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major factor limiting crop yields on acid soils. In maize, Al tolerance is a complex phenomenon involving multiple genes and physiological mechanisms yet uncharacterized. To begin elucidating the molecular basis of maize Al toxicity and tolerance, we performed a detailed temporal analysis of root gene expression under Al stress using microarrays with an Al-tolerant and an Al-sensitive maize genotype. Seedlings of both genotypes were grown in hydroponics in a full nutrient solution containing 39uM of free Al3+ activity. Root samples were collected at 'time zero', and after 2, 6 and 24 hours of treatment. Time course experiment with 0h, 2h, 6h and 24 hours of Al treatment in two maize genotypes contrasting for Al tolerance. The experimental design used for the microarray study was of two interconnected loops, and utilized a total of 16 slide sets. Samples collected from each genotype at one time point were contrasted with the previous and subsequent time points in a loop (4 time points x 2 genotypes = 8 slide sets). Additionally, the loops were interconnected (with dye swap) so that the two genotypes were contrasted directly at each time point (4 time points x 2 replicates = 8 slide sets). The design was balanced for dye distribution throughout samples and biological replicates. Each sample was labeled twice with Cy3 and twice with Cy5; each biological replicate had four samples labeled with Cy3 and four samples labeled with Cy5. The Sample signal intensity values were log2 transformed and analyzed by two interconnected ANOVA mixed models using PROC MIXED in SAS (Jin et al., 2001; Wolfinger et al., 2001). The normalization ANOVA model yij = Âµ + Ai + Dj + (A x D)ij + eij was applied to account for experiment-wide sources of variation associated with array (Ai, degrees of freedom (df) = 15, random effect), dye (Dj, df = 1, fixed effect), and their interactions. The residuals (eij) were treated as normalized values and analyzed in the following ANOVA model (gene model), where effects were evaluated for each gene individually: rikl = Âµ + Ai + Gk + Tl + (G x T)kl + ekl. Gk is the kth genotype (i.e. C100-6 or L53; df = 1) and represents the effect of each genotype on the expression of every gene, Tl represents the lth treatment (i.e. 0, 2, 6 or 24 hours of Al treatment; df = 3), and (G x T)kl the interaction between genotype and treatment (df = 3). Array (Ai) was included as a random effect to control for spot effects (Jin et al., 2001). Least square means were calculated, and estimates of differential expression were calculated as the difference between least-square means for each of the terms in the model. ANOVA results linked below as Supplementary files.

Dataset Information

Aluminum tolerance mechanisms in Kenyan maize germplasm are independent from the citrate transporter ZmMATE1.

Publications

Aluminum tolerance mechanisms in Kenyan maize germplasm are independent from the citrate transporter ZmMATE1.

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