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Taxonomy of fungal complex causing red-skin root of Panax ginseng in China.

ABSTRACT: Background:Red-skin root of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) significantly reduces the quality and limits the production of ginseng in China. The disease has long been thought to be a noninfectious physiological disease, except one report that proved it was an infectious disease. However, the causal agents have not been successfully determined. In the present study, we were to reveal the pathogens that cause red-skin disease. Methods:Ginseng roots with red-skin root symptoms were collected from commercial fields in Northeast China. Fungi were isolated from the lesion and identified based on morphological characters along with multilocus sequence analyses on internal transcription spacer, ?-tubulin (tub2), histone H3 (his3), and translation elongation factor 1? (tef-1?). Pathogens were confirmed by inoculating the isolates in ginseng roots. Results:A total of 230 isolates were obtained from 209 disease samples. These isolates were classified into 12 species, including Dactylonectria sp., D. hordeicola, Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. torulosum, Ilyonectria mors-panacis, I. robusta, Rhexocercosporidium panacis, and three novel species I. changbaiensis, I. communis, and I. qitaiheensis. Among them, I. communis, I. robusta, and F. solani had the highest isolation frequencies, being 36.1%, 20.9%, and 23.9%, respectively. All these species isolated were pathogenic to ginseng roots and caused red-skin root disease under appropriate condition. Conclusion:Fungal complex is the causal agent of red-skin root in P. ginseng.

SUBMITTER: Lu XH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7195572 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Taxonomy of fungal complex causing red-skin root of <i>Panax ginseng</i> in China.

Lu Xiao H XH Zhang Xi M XM Jiao Xiao L XL Hao Jianjun J JJ Zhang Xue S XS Luo Yi Y Gao Wei W WW

Journal of ginseng research 20190206 3

<h4>Background</h4>Red-skin root of Asian ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i>) significantly reduces the quality and limits the production of ginseng in China. The disease has long been thought to be a noninfectious physiological disease, except one report that proved it was an infectious disease. However, the causal agents have not been successfully determined. In the present study, we were to reveal the pathogens that cause red-skin disease.<h4>Methods</h4>Ginseng roots with red-skin root symptoms w ...[more]

PMID: 32372873

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Project description:BackgroundGinseng red skin root syndrome (GRS) is one of the most common ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) diseases. It leads to a severe decline in P. ginseng quality and seriously affects the P. ginseng industry in China. However, as a root disease, the characteristics of the GRS rhizosphere microbiome are still unclear.MethodsThe amplicon bacterial 16 S rRNA genes and fungal ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) regions Illumina sequencing technology, combined with microbial diversity and composition analysis based on R software, was used to explore the relationship between soil ecological environment and GRS.ResultsThere were significant differences in the diversity and richness of soil microorganisms between the rhizosphere with different degrees of disease, especially between healthy P. ginseng (HG) and heavily diseased groups. The variation characteristics of microbial abundance in different taxa levels were analyzed. The interaction network of rhizosphere microorganisms of P. ginseng under GRS background was established. We also found that different P. ginseng rhizosphere microbial communities have multiple changes in stability and complexity through the established interaction network. Microbes closely related to potential pathogenic fungi were also identified according to the interaction network, which provided clues for looking for biological control agents. Finally, the Distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) results indicated that total phosphorus (TP), available potassium (AK), available phosphorus (AP), catalase (CAT), invertase (INV) are the key factors that influence the microbial communities. Moreover, the content of these key factors in the rhizosphere was negatively correlated with disease degrees.ConclusionsIn this study, we comprehensively analyzed the rhizosphere characteristics of P. ginseng with different levels of disease, and explored the interaction relationship among microorganisms. These results provide a basis for soil improvement and biological control of field-grown in the future.

Dataset Information

Taxonomy of fungal complex causing red-skin root of Panax ginseng in China.

Publications

Taxonomy of fungal complex causing red-skin root of <i>Panax ginseng</i> in China.

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