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A metabolomic evaluation of the phytochemical composition of tomato juices being used in human clinical trials.

ABSTRACT: Juices from the traditional red tomato and a unique tangerine tomato variety are being investigated as health promoting foods in human clinical trials. However, it is unknown how the tangerine and red tomato juices differ in biologically relevant phytochemicals beyond carotenoids. Here liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics was used to evaluate broadly the similarities and differences in carotenoids and other phytochemicals between red and tangerine tomato juices intended for clinical interventions. This untargeted approach was successful in the rapid detection and extensive characterization of phytochemicals belonging to various compound classes. The tomato juices were found to differ significantly in a number of phytochemicals, including carotenoids, chlorophylls, neutral lipids, and cinnamic acid derivatives. The largest differences were in carotenoids, including lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, neurosporene, and ?-carotene. Smaller, but significant, differences were observed in polar phytochemicals, such as chlorogenic acid, hydroxyferulic acid, phloretin-di-C-glycoside, and isopropylmalic acid.

SUBMITTER: Cichon MJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7197438 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A metabolomic evaluation of the phytochemical composition of tomato juices being used in human clinical trials.

Cichon Morgan J MJ Riedl Ken M KM Schwartz Steven J SJ

Food chemistry 20170126

Juices from the traditional red tomato and a unique tangerine tomato variety are being investigated as health promoting foods in human clinical trials. However, it is unknown how the tangerine and red tomato juices differ in biologically relevant phytochemicals beyond carotenoids. Here liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics was used to evaluate broadly the similarities and differences in carotenoids and other phytochemicals between red and tangerine tomato juices in ...[more]

PMID: 28317724

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Project description:Background:Nonvitamin A apocarotenoids occur in foods. Some function as retinoic acid receptor antagonists in vitro, though it is unclear if apocarotenoids are absorbed or accumulate to levels needed to elicit biological function. Objective:The aim of this study was to quantify carotenoids and apocarotenoids (?-apo-8'-, -10'-, -12'-, and -14'-carotenal, apo-6'-, -8'-, -10'-, -12'-, and -14'-lycopenal, retinal, acycloretinal, ?-apo-13-carotenone, and apo-13-lycopenone) in human plasma after controlled consumption of carotenoid-rich tomato juices. Design:Healthy subjects (n = 35) consumed a low-carotenoid diet for 2 wk, then consumed 360 mL of high-?-carotene tomato juice (30.4 mg of ?-carotene, 34.5 ?g total ?-apocarotenoids/d), high-lycopene tomato juice (42.5 mg of lycopene, 119.2 ?g total apolycopenoids/d), or a carotenoid-free control (cucumber juice) per day for 4 wk. Plasma was sampled at baseline (after washout) and after 2 and 4 wk, and analyzed for carotenoids and apocarotenoids using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The methods used to analyze the apocarotenoids had limits of detection of ? 100 pmol/L. Results:Apocarotenoids are present in tomato juices at 0.1-0.5% of the parent carotenoids. Plasma lycopene and ?-carotene increased (P < 0.001) after consuming high-lycopene and ?-carotene tomato juices, respectively, while retinol remained unchanged. ?-Apo-13-carotenone was found in the blood of all subjects at every visit, although elevated (P < 0.001) after consuming ?-carotene tomato juice for 4 wk (1.01 ± 0.27 nmol/L) compared with both baseline (0.37 ± 0.17 nmol/L) and control (0.46 ± 0.11 nmol/L). Apo-6'-lycopenal was detected or quantifiable in 29 subjects, while ?-apo-10'- and 12'-carotenal were detected in 6 and 2 subjects, respectively. No other apolycopenoids or apocarotenoids were detected. Conclusions:?-Apo-13-carotenone was the only apocarotenoid that was quantifiable in all subjects, and was elevated in those consuming high-?-carotene tomato juice. Levels were similar to previous reports of all-trans-retinoic acid. Other apocarotenoids are either poorly absorbed or rapidly metabolized or cleared, and so are absent or limited in blood. ?-Apo-13-carotenone may form from vitamin A and its presence warrants further investigation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02550483.

Dataset Information

A metabolomic evaluation of the phytochemical composition of tomato juices being used in human clinical trials.

Publications

A metabolomic evaluation of the phytochemical composition of tomato juices being used in human clinical trials.

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