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Developing a core outcome set for childhood obesity prevention: A systematic review.

ABSTRACT: Synthesis of effects of infant feeding interventions to prevent childhood obesity is limited by outcome measurement and reporting heterogeneity. Core outcome sets (COSs) represent standardised approaches to outcome selection and reporting. The aim of this review is to identify feeding outcomes used in infant feeding studies to inform an infant feeding COS for obesity prevention interventions. The databases EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO searched from inception to February 2017. Studies eligible for inclusion must examine any infant feeding outcome in children ?1 year. Feeding outcomes include those measured using self-report and/or observational methods and include dietary intake, parent-child interaction, and parental beliefs, among others. Data were extracted using a standardised data extraction form. Outcomes were assigned to outcome domains using an inductive, iterative process with a multidisciplinary team. We identified 82 unique outcomes, representing nine outcome domains. Outcome domains were "breast and formula feeding," "introduction of solids," "parent feeding practices and styles," "parent knowledge and beliefs," "practical feeding," "food environment," "dietary intake," "perceptions of infant behaviour and preferences," and "child weight outcomes." Heterogeneity in definition and frequency of outcomes was noted in reviewed studies. "Introduction of solids" (59.5%) and "breastfeeding duration" (55.5%) were the most frequently reported outcomes. Infant feeding studies focus predominantly on consumption of milks and solids and infant weight. Less focus is given to modifiable parental and environmental factors. An infant feeding COS can minimise heterogeneity in selection and reporting of infant feeding outcomes for childhood obesity prevention interventions.

SUBMITTER: Matvienko-Sikar K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7199036 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Developing a core outcome set for childhood obesity prevention: A systematic review.

Matvienko-Sikar Karen K Griffin Ciara C McGrath Niamh N Toomey Elaine E Byrne Molly M Kelly Colette C Heary Caroline C Devane Declan D Kearney Patricia M PM

Maternal & child nutrition 20181001 1

Synthesis of effects of infant feeding interventions to prevent childhood obesity is limited by outcome measurement and reporting heterogeneity. Core outcome sets (COSs) represent standardised approaches to outcome selection and reporting. The aim of this review is to identify feeding outcomes used in infant feeding studies to inform an infant feeding COS for obesity prevention interventions. The databases EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO searched from inception to February 2017. S ...[more]

PMID: 30136417

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Project description:IntroductionHyperlipidemia is an underlying process behind cardiovascular disease. Chinese medicine (CM) may be effective in treating hyperlipidemia, but there is a lack of studies with high methodological quality. A major reason for this is heterogeneity in outcome reporting. Therefore, this study explores the degree of outcome reporting variation in CM trials for hyperlipidemia. It then generates a list of potentially important outcomes for developing a core outcome set (COS).MethodsA systematic review of literature focusing on studies of CM for hyperlipidemia was conducted. Outcomes were listed verbatim and grouped into 8 domains. Outcome frequency and definition uniformity were analyzed.Results3,702 studies and 452 individual outcomes were identified. These outcomes were reported 27,328 times, of which 1.6% were reported as primary outcomes, and 13.3% were defined. The most frequent outcome was total triglyceride, represented in 86.7% of the studies, followed by total cholesterol (86.0%), total effective rate (75.1%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (73.2%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (60.5%). However, 43.6% of outcomes were reported only once. The largest outcome domain was "pathological or pathophysiological outcomes," which included 67.0% of outcomes. Of the "response rate related outcomes" domain, total effective rate was the most frequently reported outcome (n = 2,780), and 95.3% of the studies gave a clear definition. However, these definitions were often contradictory. Only 10 papers reported cardiovascular events, 3 of which referred to them as primary outcomes. Moreover, ten patient-reported outcomes were reported in the retrieved literature 19 times in total. The majority of the outcomes did not report measurement instruments (MIs) (269/453, 59.4%). MIs of the surrogate outcomes were reported more frequently.ConclusionOutcome reporting in CM trials for hyperlipidemia is inconsistent and ill-defined, creating barriers to data synthesis and comparison. Thus, we propose and are developing a COS for CM trials for hyperlipidemia.

Project description:BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) management can be challenging in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) not only because of its high burden but also the prolonged treatment period involving multiple drugs. With rapid development in mobile technology, mobile health (mHealth) interventions or using a mobile device for TB management has gained popularity. Despite the potential usefulness of mHealth interventions for TB, few studies have quantitatively synthesized evidence on its effectiveness, presumably because of variability in outcome measures reported in the literature.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the outcome measures reported in TB mHealth literature in LMICs.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify mHealth intervention studies for TB (published up to May 2018) that reported any type of outcome measures. The extracted information included the study setting, types of mHealth technology used, target population, study design, and categories of outcome measures. Outcomes were classified into 13 categories including treatment outcome, adherence, process measure, perception, technical outcome, and so on. The qualitative synthesis of evidence focused on the categories of outcome measures reported by the type of mHealth interventions.ResultsA total of 27 studies were included for the qualitative synthesis of evidence. The study designs varied widely, ranging from randomized controlled trials to economic evaluations. A total of 12 studies adopted short message service (SMS), whereas 5 studies used SMS in combination with additional technologies or mobile apps. The study populations were also diverse, including patients with TB, patients with TB/HIV, health care workers, and general patients attending a clinic. There was a wide range of variations in the definition of outcome measures across the studies. Among the diverse categories of outcome measures, treatment outcomes have been reported in 14 studies, but only 6 of them measured the outcome according to the standard TB treatment definitions by the World Health Organization.ConclusionsThis critical evaluation of outcomes reported in mHealth studies for TB management suggests that substantial variability exists in reporting outcome measures. To overcome the challenges in evidence synthesis for mHealth interventions, this study can provide insights into the development of a core set of outcome measures by intervention type and study design.

Project description:Background: Prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) is associated with maternal and neonatal infections. Although guidelines suggest prophylactic antibiotics for pregnant women with PROM, the optimal antibiotic regimen remains controversial. Synthesizing the data from different studies is challenging due to variations in reported outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to form the initial list of outcomes for the core outcome set (COS) that evaluates antibiotic use in PROM by identifying all existing outcomes and patients' views. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP databases. We also screened the references of the included studies as a supplementary search. We extracted basic information from the articles and the outcomes. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data, extracted the outcomes, and grouped them into domains. Then, semi-structured interviews based on the potential factors collected by the systematic review were conducted at West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University. Pregnant women who met the diagnostic criteria for PROM were enrolled. Participants reported their concerns about the outcomes. Two researchers identified the pregnant women's concerns. Results: A total of 90 studies were enrolled in this systematic review. The median outcomes in the included studies was 7 (1-31), and 109 different unique outcomes were identified. Pre-term PROM (PPROM) had 97 outcomes, and term PROM (TPROM) had 70 outcomes. The classification and order of the core outcome domains of PPROM and TPROM were consistent. The physiological domain was the most common for PPROM and TPROM outcomes. Furthermore, 35.1 and 57.1% outcomes were only reported once in PPROM and TPROM studies, respectively. Thirty pregnant women participated in the semi-structured interviews; 10 outcomes were extracted after normalized, and the outcomes were reported in the systematic review. However, studies rarely reported pregnant women's concerns. Conclusion: There was considerable inconsistency in outcomes selection and reporting in studies about antibiotics in PROM. An initial core outcomes set for antibiotics in PROM was formed.

Dataset Information

Developing a core outcome set for childhood obesity prevention: A systematic review.

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Developing a core outcome set for childhood obesity prevention: A systematic review.

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