A “One-Health” approach for diagnosis and molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lorusso A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7200311 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The current pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV) called SARS-CoV-2 (species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, subgenus Sarbecovirus, genus Betacoronavirus, family Coronaviridae). In Italy, up to the 2nd of April 2020, overall 139,422 confirmed cases and 17,669 deaths have been notified, while 26,491 people have recovered. Besides the overloading of hospitals, another issue to face was the capacity to perform thousands of tests per day. In this perspective, to support the National Health Care System and to minimize the impact of this rapidly spreading virus, the Italian Ministry of Health involved the Istituti Zooprofilattici Sperimentali (IZSs), Veterinary Public Health Institutes, in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by testing human samples. The Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise is currently testing more than 600 samples per day and performing whole genome sequencing from positive samples. Sequence analysis of these samples suggested that different viral variants may be circulating in Italy, and so in Abruzzo region. CoVs, and related diseases, are well known to veterinarians since decades. The experience that veterinarians operating within the Public Health system gained in the control and characterization of previous health issues of livestock and poultry including avian flu, bluetongue, foot and mouth disease, responsible for huge economic losses, is certainly of great help to minimize the impact of this global crisis.
| S-EPMC7166304 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This article describes how innovations are exploited in Campania (Italy) to improve health outcomes, quality of life, and sustainability of social and healthcare services. Campania's strategy for digitalization of health and care and for healthy aging is based on a person-centered, life-course, "One Health" approach, where demographic change is considered capable of stimulating a growth dynamic linked to the opportunities of combining the "Silver Economy" with local assets and the specific health needs of the population. The end-users (citizens, patients, and professionals) contribute to the co-creation of products and services, being involved in the identification of unmet needs and test-bed activity. The Campania Reference Site of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Aging is a flexible regional ecosystem to address the challenge of an aging population with a life-course approach. The good practices, developed in the context of research and innovation projects and innovative procurements by local stakeholders and collaborations with international networks, have been allowing the transfer of innovative solutions, knowledge, and skills to the stakeholders of such a multi-sectoral ecosystem for health.
| S-EPMC8144456 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimThis study aims to verify whether standardized saliva collection is suitable for SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection and IgA measurement.Methods43 COVID-19 inpatients and 326 screening subjects underwent naso-pharyngeal (NP)-swab and saliva collection (Salivette). Inpatients also underwent repeated blood collections to evaluate inflammation and organs involvement. In all patients and subjects, SARS-CoV-2 (gene E) rRT-PCR was undertaken in saliva and NP-swabs. Salivary IgA and serum IgA, IgG, IgM were measured on inpatients' samples.ResultsNP-swabs and saliva were both SARS-CoV-2 positive in 7 (16%) or both negative in 35 (82%) out of 43 patients successfully included in the study. NP-swabs and saliva results did not perfectly match in one patient (saliva positive, NP-swab negative). Positive molecular results were significantly associated with disease duration (p = 0.0049). 326/326 screening subjects were SARS-CoV-2 negative on both NP-swabs and saliva. Among the 27 saliva samples tested for IgA, 18 were IgA positive. Salivary IgA positivity was associated with pneumonia (p = 0.002) and CRP values (p = 0.0183), not with other clinical and molecular data, or with serum immunoglubulins.ConclusionsA standardized saliva collection can be adopted to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in alternative to NP-swabs. Preliminary data on salivary IgA support the use of saliva also for patient monitoring.
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Project description:This study described a SARS-CoV-2 infection in minks on an Italian farm. Surveillance was performed based on clinical examination and a collection of 1879 swabs and 74 sera from dead and live animals. The farm was placed under surveillance for 4.5 months, from the end of July 2020, when a man working on the farm tested positive by RT-PCR, till mid-December 2020 when all the animals were sacrificed. Clinical examination revealed no clinical signs or increased mortality rates attributable to SARS-CoV-2, while diagnostic tests detected only four weak PCR-positive samples, but 100% of sera were positive for SARS-CoV-2 anti-S antibodies. The phylogenetic analysis of two SARS-CoV-2 sequences from two minks and the sequence of the worker showed that they belonged to different clades. It could be therefore assumed that two distinct introductions of the virus occurred on the farm, and that the first introduction probably occurred before the start of the surveillance period. From the data collected, and especially from the detection of specific antibodies through the combination of different tests, it can be postulated that syndromic surveillance combined with genome detection by PCR may not be sufficient to achieve a diagnosis in asymptomatic animals. In particular, the serological approach, especially when using tests directed towards the S protein, may be useful for improving the traceability of virus circulation in similar environments.
| S-EPMC9415545 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This report describes the isolation, molecular characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of the first three complete genomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolated from three patients involved in the first outbreak of COVID-19 in Lombardy, Italy. Early molecular epidemiological tracing suggests that SARS-CoV-2 was present in Italy weeks before the first reported cases of infection.
| S-EPMC7228393 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The severe acute respiratory syndrome cornavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a new human coronavirus candidate recently detected in China that is now reported in people on inhabited continents. The virus shares a high level of identity with some bat coronaviruses and is recognised as a potentially zoonotic virus. We are utilizing the One Health concept to understand the emergence of the virus, as well as to point to some possible control strategies that might reduce the spread of the virus across the globe; thus, containment of such virus would be possible.
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Project description:Submission of SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated in Italy/Apulia
| PRJEB41697 | ENA
Project description:SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the big issue of the whole world right now. The health community is struggling to rescue the public and countries from this spread, which revives time to time with different waves. Even the vaccination seems to be not prevents this spread. Accurate identification of infected people on time is essential these days to control the spread. So far, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid antigen tests are widely used in this identification, accepting their own drawbacks. False negative cases are the menaces in this scenario. To avoid these problems, this study uses machine learning techniques to build a classification model with higher accuracy to filter the COVID-19 cases from the non-COVID individuals. Transcriptome data of the SARS-CoV-2 patients along with the control are used in this stratification using three different feature selection algorithms and seven classification models. Differently expressed genes also studied between these two groups of people and used in this classification. Results shows that mutual information (or DEGs) along with naïve Bayes (or SVM) gives the best accuracy (0.98 ± 0.04) among these methods.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42979-023-01703-6.
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Project description:SARS-CoV-2 Omicron harbors substitutions in the receptor binding domain of the spike which strongly suggest its capacity to infect rodents. Wild animal reservoirs could favor the emergence of new variants with risks of spillback to humans and should be closely monitored.
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Project description: Not available
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