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Antidiarrheal Activity of Hydromethanolic Root Extract and Solvent Fractions of Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Spach. (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice.

ABSTRACT: Introduction:Diarrheal diseases are associated with an estimated 1.3 million deaths annually, with most occurring in resource-limited countries; up to 25% of deaths in young children living in Africa and southeast Asia are attributable to acute gastroenteritis. Due to limitations associated with various treatments available, the need for developing newer drugs is imperative. Objective:This study was aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of root extract and fractions of C. abyssinica Jaub. & Spach. (Euphorbiaceae) in mice. Methods:After plant extraction and subsequent fractionation of the crude extract, the antidiarrheal activity was screened in castor oil induced diarrhea, castor oil induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility test models accordingly. Result:The root extract of C. abyssinica produced neither visible signs of toxicity nor death at a single dose of 2000?mg/kg, suggesting the LD50?>?2000?mg/kg. In the castor oil induced diarrheal model, the highest dose of the extract (400?mg/kg) showed a maximal inhibition in the onset (158.00?±?14.64, p < 0.01, in minutes) of wet feces as compared to the negative control. In the enteropooling model, 400?mg/kg treated mice showed a significant reduction in volume (0.47?±?0.02?ml, p < 0.01) and weight (0.50?±?0.02?g, p < 0.05) of intestinal content as compared to the vehicle treated group. In the gastrointestinal motility test, the hydromethanolic root extract of C. abyssinica significantly inhibited the intestinal transit of charcoal meal at 400?mg/kg. In addition, chloroform and n-butanol fractions significantly reduced the distance moved by charcoal at doses of 200?mg/kg and 400?mg/kg, whereas aqueous fraction showed a significant effect at all test doses. The highest antidiarrheal index was observed at the maximal dose of extract and each fraction. Conclusion:The results obtained showed that the findings provide scientific support for the folkloric repute of C. abyssinica roots as treatment of diarrhea.

SUBMITTER: Zayede D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7201494 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antidiarrheal Activity of Hydromethanolic Root Extract and Solvent Fractions of <i>Clutia abyssinica</i> Jaub. & Spach. (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice.

Zayede Dessie D Mulaw Tafere T Kahaliw Wubayehu W

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 20200117

<h4>Introduction</h4>Diarrheal diseases are associated with an estimated 1.3 million deaths annually, with most occurring in resource-limited countries; up to 25% of deaths in young children living in Africa and southeast Asia are attributable to acute gastroenteritis. Due to limitations associated with various treatments available, the need for developing newer drugs is imperative.<h4>Objective</h4>This study was aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of root extract and fractions of <i>C ...[more]

PMID: 32419812

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Project description:Background:Liver is a vital organ that plays a major role in the elimination of xenobiotics from the body. Diseases that affect the liver become major health problems and challenge health-care professionals as well as the pharmaceutical industry. Since the conventional treatment of liver diseases is associated with a wide range of adverse effects, botanical agents are commonly used. Among these agents, Clutia abyssinica is the most widely used herb in Ethiopian traditional medicine. Objective:To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the crude 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of Clutia abyssinica leaves in mice. Methods:The leaves of Clutia abyssinica were extracted by cold maceration using 80% methanol as a solvent, and the solvent fractions were obtained in liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform, n-butanol and distilled water. Male mice were treated with the vehicles (distilled water or 2% Tween 80), three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the crude 80% methanol extract and three solvent fractions, the standard drug (silymarin 100 mg/kg), and the hepatotoxicant carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Then, the levels of biomarkers of liver injury - such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) - and liver function such as total protein, albumin, and bilirubin were measured. Evaluation of the change in body weight and liver weight, histopathologic examination and in vitro antioxidant assay against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity were also carried out. Results:The 80% methanol extract decreased the absolute and relative weight of the liver of mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). It also suppressed the plasma levels of AST, ALT and ALP (p<0.001) in the aforementioned doses. Among fractions, the n-butanol fraction showed maximum hepatoprotective activity in its dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001, in all cases). Likewise, the chloroform fraction (400 mg/kg) reduced to a similar extent (p<0.001 in all cases). In stark contrast, the aqueous fraction failed to affect the levels of all biomarkers of hepatocyte injury. The crude methanol extract and n-butanol fraction were able to return the normal hepatic architecture of hepatocytes and scavenge free radicals in the 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Conclusion:Clutia abyssinica is endowed with hepatoprotective activity, probably mediated via its antioxidant activity. Thus, Clutia abyssinica can be taken as one candidate for the development of hepatoprotective agents because of its good safety profile.

Project description:Background:The flower of Hagenia abyssinica (Rosaceae) has been used in traditional health systems to treat diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia and Tanzania. However, the antidiabetic activity of this medicinal plant is not scientifically validated and authenticated. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic activity of flower crude extract and solvent fractions of Hagenia abyssinica. Methods:The in vitro ?-amylase inhibition and antioxidant activity of the crude extract and solvent fractions of Hagenia abyssinica were evaluated by using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) and diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay model, respectively. Blood glucose lowering activity of 80% methanolic flower crude extract and solvent fraction was studied in four animal models: normoglycemic mice model, oral glucose loaded mice model, single dose-treated streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model, and repeated dose-treated streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model. The effect of the crude extract and solvent fraction of Hagenia abyssinica on diabetic lipid profile and body weight was also studied. Results:The acute toxicity study of Hagenia abyssinica flower extract did not show mortality in the animals at the limit dose of 2g/kg during the observation period. The result of ?-amylase enzyme inhibition activity was found in a dose-dependent manner, the strongest activity was shown by ethyl acetate fraction (54.23% inhibition at 800 ?g/mL) compared to the standard acarbose having 91.87% inhibition at 800 ?g/mL. Among these extracts, the crude extract had the highest antioxidant activity (58.38% inhibition at 500 ?g/mL). The crude extract of H. abyssinica showed significant blood glucose-lowering effect on normoglycemic mice and oral glucose loaded mice. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model, the crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose level after 14 days of treatment. There were significant reductions in serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein. However, there were significant increments in body weight and high-density lipoprotein as compared to untreated diabetic mice. Conclusion:The result demonstrated the beneficial biochemical effects of Hagenia abyssinica extract by inhibiting ?-amylase, scavenging diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and improving serum lipid profile levels. The flower crude extract and solvent fractions of Hagenia abyssinica are effective in lowering blood glucose levels in diabetic and normoglycemic mice. The claimed traditional use as antidiabetic has scientific ground.

Project description:IntroductionArtemisia afra (Jacq. ex Willd.), commonly called African wormwood, is a highly aromatic perennial herb and a well-known medicinal plant, claimed to be effective and safe in the treatment of epilepsy. The whole-plant extract is traditionally used as an antiepileptic agent in Ethiopia. Aim of the Study. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of the hydroethanolic extract and solvent fractions of A. afra whole part in mice.Materials and methodsThe effects of A. afra hydroethanolic extract and its solvent fractions were evaluated against pentylenetetrazole- (PTZ-) induced convulsions in mice. The onset and duration of PTZ-induced convulsions were determined with hydroethanolic A. afra extract and its solvent fractions. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe hydroethanolic extract of A. afra, with all the three doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, showed a significant delay (504.833 ± 62.835 ∗ s; p < 0.05 ∗ ; 551.833 ± 47.69 ∗∗ s; p < 0.01 ∗∗ ; and 808.333 ± 64.8 ∗∗∗ s; p < 0.001 ∗∗∗ , respectively) in the mean onset of convulsion and a decrease (17.000 ± 1.88 ∗∗∗ s, p < 0.05 ∗ ; 13.000 ± 1.8 ∗∗ s, p < 0.01 ∗∗ ; and 7.833 ± 1.07 ∗∗∗ s, p < 0.001, respectively) in the mean duration of convulsion against PTZ-induced convulsion in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control (92.833 ± 13.006 s; 34.167 ± 3.683 s), and its anticonvulsant activity was significantly less compared to that of diazepam (1001.167 ± 68.430 s; 4.500 ± 0.619 s). The solvent fractions, however, did not show anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced convulsion.ConclusionCrude extract of A. afra has an anticonvulsant effect in mice. This might be attributed to the synergistic effects of two or more active ingredients present in the herb.

Project description:Background:Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F. Gmel (Rosaceae) is distributed in the highlands of Ethiopia. The flowers of Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F. Gmel are used traditionally to treat wound. However, there was no scientific report on wound healing activity of Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F. Gmel. Thus, this study was initiated to investigate the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of 80% methanol crude extract of flowers of Hagenia abyssinica in mice. Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity of 80% methanol crude flower extract of Hagenia abyssinica in mice. Methods:Air-dried flowers of Hagenia abyssinica were grounded and macerated three times successively by 80% methanol. The dried extract was fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. Phytochemical screening tests were performed according to established procedures. The crude extract and solvent fractions were formulated as ointments. Wound healing activity of the crude extract was evaluated using excision and incision wound models, and the wound healing activities of solvent fractions were evaluated by using the excision wound model. The anti-inflammatory activity of the 80% methanol extract of Hagenia abyssinica was evaluated using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in mice. Result:The 2000?mg/kg test dose of the 10% (w/w) crude extract ointment was safe in rats. Both the 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) crude extract ointment-treated groups showed significant wound contraction starting from the day 4th. Both 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) crude extract ointments showed significant (P < 0.001) increment of tensile strength compared to the negative control. The 10% (w/w) aqueous and ethyl acetate fraction ointment revealed high (P < 0.001) percentage of wound contraction. The 100?mg/kg, 200?mg/kg, and 400?mg/kg oral administration of the crude extract had significant inhibition of the paw edema in mice of carrageenan-induced inflammation. Conclusion:The results of this study evidenced that both 5%?w/w and 10%?w/w 80% methanol extract ointment of the flowers of Hagenia abyssinica have wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects.

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Antidiarrheal Activity of Hydromethanolic Root Extract and Solvent Fractions of Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Spach. (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice.

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Antidiarrheal Activity of Hydromethanolic Root Extract and Solvent Fractions of <i>Clutia abyssinica</i> Jaub. & Spach. (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice.

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