Dataset Information

Personalization of CM Injection Protocols in Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (People CT Trial).

ABSTRACT: Aim:To evaluate the performance of three contrast media (CM) injection protocols for cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) based on body weight (BW), lean BW (LBW), and cardiac output (CO). Materials and methods. A total of 327 consecutive patients referred for CCTA were randomized into one of the three CM injection protocols, where CM injection was based on either BW (112 patients), LBW (108 patients), or CO (107 patients). LBW and CO were calculated via formulas. All scans were ECG-gated and performed on a third-generation dual-source CT with 70-120?kV (automated tube voltage selection) and 100?kVqual.ref/330?mAsqual.ref. CM injection protocols were also adapted to scan time and tube voltage. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with optimal intravascular attenuation (325-500?HU). Secondary outcomes were mean and standard deviation of intravascular attenuation values (HU), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and subjective image quality with a 4-point Likert scale (1?=?poor/2?=?sufficient/3?=?good/4?=?excellent). The t-test for independent samples was used for pairwise comparisons between groups, and a chi-square test (?2) was used to compare categorical variables between groups. All p values were 2-sided, and a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:Mean overall HU and CNR were 423?±?60HU/14?±?3 (BW), 404?±?62HU/14?±?3 (LBW), and 413?±?63HU/14?±?3 (CO) with a significant difference between groups BW and LBW (p=0.024). The proportion of patients with optimal intravascular attenuation (325-500?HU) was 83.9%, 84.3%, and 86.9% for groups BW, LBW, and CO, respectively, and between-group differences were small and nonsignificant. Mean CNR was diagnostic (?10) in all groups. The proportion of scans with good-excellent image quality was 94.6%, 86.1%, and 90.7% in the BW, LBW, and CO groups, respectively. The difference between proportions was significant between the BW and LBW groups. Conclusion:Personalization of CM injection protocols based on BW, LBW, and CO, and scan time and tube voltage in CCTA resulted in low variation between patients in terms of intravascular attenuation and a high proportion of scans with an optimal intravascular attenuation. The results suggest that personalized CM injection protocols based on LBW or CO have no additional benefit when compared with CM injection protocols based on BW.

SUBMITTER: Eijsvoogel NG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7201621 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Personalization of CM Injection Protocols in Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (People CT Trial).

Eijsvoogel N G NG Hendriks B M F BMF Nelemans P P Mihl C C Willigers J J Martens B B Wildberger J E JE Das M M

Contrast media & molecular imaging 20200117

<h4>Aim</h4>To evaluate the performance of three contrast media (CM) injection protocols for cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) based on body weight (BW), lean BW (LBW), and cardiac output (CO). <i>Materials and methods</i>. A total of 327 consecutive patients referred for CCTA were randomized into one of the three CM injection protocols, where CM injection was based on either BW (112 patients), LBW (108 patients), or CO (107 patients). LBW and CO were calculated via formulas. All sc ...[more]

PMID: 32410922

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Project description:BACKGROUND:The extent to which the presence and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis by coronary computed tomography angiography influences a potential mortality benefit of statin is unknown. We evaluated the relationship between statin therapy, mortality, and subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS:In the CONFIRM study, patients with normal or non-obstructive plaque (<50% diameter stenosis) for whom data on baseline statin use was available were included. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was quantified using the Agatston score. The extent of non-obstructive coronary atherosclerosis was quantified using the segment involvement score (SIS). 8,016 patients were followed for a median of 2.5 years with analysis of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, target vessel revascularization, and coronary artery disease-related hospitalization. RESULTS:1.2% of patients experienced all-cause mortality. Patients not on baseline statin therapy had a stepwise increased risk of all-cause mortality by CAC (relative to CAC = 0; CAC 1-99: hazard ratio [HR] 1.65, CAC 100-299: HR 2.19, and CAC?300: HR 2.98) or SIS (relative to SIS = 0; SIS 1: HR 1.62, SIS 2-3: 2.48 and SIS?4: 2.95). Conversely, in patients on baseline statin therapy, there was no significant increase in mortality risk with increasing CAC (p value for interaction = 0.049) or SIS (p value for interaction = 0.007). The incidence of MACE was 2.1%. Similar to the all-cause mortality, the risk of MACE was increased with CAC or SIS strata in patient not on baseline statin therapy. However, this relation was not observed in patient on baseline statin therapy. CONCLUSION:In individuals with non-obstructive coronary artery disease, increased risk of adverse events occurs with increasing CAC or SIS who are not on baseline statin therapy. Statin therapy is associated with a mitigation of risk of cardiac events in the presence of increasing atherosclerosis, with no particular threshold of disease burden.

Project description:BackgroundMicrovascular dysfunction (MVD) is a potential cause of chest pain in younger individuals. The authors hypothesized that nonelderly patients referred for computed tomographic angiography (CTA) but without significant stenosis would have a high prevalence of MVD by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). Secondary aims were to test whether the presence of nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) or reduced brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) predicted MVD.MethodsSubjects ≤60 years of age undergoing CTA were recruited if they had either no evidence of coronary plaque or evidence of mild CAD (<50% stenosis) and at least one high-risk plaque feature. Subjects underwent quantitative perfusion imaging using MCE at rest and during regadenoson vasodilator stress. MVD was defined as global or segmental delay of microvascular refill (≥2 sec) during regadenoson. FMD of the brachial artery was also performed.ResultsOf the 29 patients in whom MCE could be performed, 12 (41%) had MVD. These subjects, compared with those with normal microvascular function, had lower hyperemic perfusion (mean, 236 ± 68 vs 354 ± 161 intensity units/sec; P = .02) and microvascular flux rate (mean, 1.6 ± 0.4 vs 2.5 ± 0.9 sec-1; P = .002) on quantitative MCE. The degree of FMD was not significantly different in those with or without MVD (mean, 11 ± 4% vs 9 ± 4%; P = .32), and there was a poor correlation between results on stress MCE and FMD. Only eight of the 29 subjects were classified as having nonobstructive CAD. There were no groupwise differences in the prevalence of MVD function in those with versus without CAD (43% vs 38% for negative and positive findings on CTA, respectively, P = .79).ConclusionsMVD is a common finding in the nonelderly population referred for CTA for evaluation of possible CAD but without obstructive stenosis. Neither the presence of noncritical atherosclerotic disease nor abnormal FMD increases the likelihood for detecting MVD in this population.

Project description:ObjectivesTo determine if coronary computed tomographic angiography enhances prediction of perioperative risk in patients before non-cardiac surgery and to assess the preoperative coronary anatomy in patients who experience a myocardial infarction after non-cardiac surgery.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting12 centers in eight countries.Participants955 patients with, or at risk of, atherosclerotic disease who underwent non-cardiac surgery.InterventionsCoronary computed tomographic angiography was performed preoperatively; clinicians were blinded to the results unless left main disease was suspected. Results were classified as normal, non-obstructive (<50% stenosis), obstructive (one or two vessels with ≥ 50% stenosis), or extensive obstructive (≥ 50% stenosis in two vessels including the proximal left anterior descending artery, three vessels, or left main).Main outcome measureComposite of cardiovascular death and non-fatal myocardial infarction within 30 days after surgery (primary outcome). This was the dependent variable in Cox regression. The independent variables were scores on the revised cardiac risk index and findings on coronary computed tomographic angiography.ResultsThe primary outcome occurred in 74 patients (8%). The model that included both scores on the revised cardiac risk index and findings on coronary computed tomographic angiography showed that coronary computed tomographic angiography provided independent prognostic information (P=0.014; C index=0.66). The adjusted hazard ratios were 1.51 (95% confidence interval 0.45 to 5.10) for non-obstructive disease; 2.05 (0.62 to 6.74) for obstructive disease; and 3.76 (1.12 to 12.62) for extensive obstructive disease. For the model with coronary computed tomographic angiography compared with the model based on the revised cardiac risk index alone, with 30 day risk categories of <5%, 5-15%, and >15% for the primary outcome, the results of risk reclassification indicate that in a sample of 1000 patients that coronary computed tomographic angiography would have resulted appropriately in 17 net patients receiving a higher risk estimation among the 77 patients who would have experienced the primary outcome (P<0.001). Coronary computed tomographic angiography, however, would have resulted inappropriately in 98 net patients receiving a higher risk estimation, among the 923 patients who would not have experienced the primary outcome (P<0.001). Among patients who had a perioperative myocardial infarction, preoperative coronary anatomy showed extensive obstructive disease in 31% (22/71), obstructive disease in 41% (29/71), non-obstructive disease in 24% (17/71), and normal findings in 4% (3/71).ConclusionsThough findings on coronary computed tomographic angiography can improve estimation of risk for patients who will experience perioperative cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction, findings are more than five times as likely to lead to an inappropriate overestimation of risk among patients who will not experience these outcomes. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurs across the spectrum of coronary artery disease, suggesting that there could be several pathophysiologic mechanisms.

Project description:BackgroundThe vascular endothelium is a novel target for the detection, management, and prevention of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity.ObjectivesThe study aimed to: 1) develop a methodology by computed tomography angiography (CTA) to evaluate stress-induced changes in epicardial coronary diameter; and 2) apply this to a chronic canine model of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity to assess vascular toxicity.MethodsTo develop and validate quantitative methods, sequential retrospectively gated coronary CTAs were performed in 16 canines. Coronary diameters were measured at prespecified distances during rest, adenosine (ADE) (280 μg/kg/min), rest 30 min post-ADE, and dobutamine (DOB) (5 μg/kg/min). A subgroup of 8 canines received weekly intravenous DOX (1 mg/kg) for 12 to 15 weeks, followed by rest-stress CTA at cumulative doses of ∼4-mg/kg (3 to 5 mg/kg), ∼8-mg/kg (7 to 9 mg/kg), and ∼12-mg/kg (12 to 15 mg/kg) of DOX. Echocardiograms were performed at these timepoints to assess left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain.ResultsUnder normal conditions, epicardial coronary arteries reproducibly dilated in response to ADE (left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD]: 12 ± 2%, left circumflex coronary artery [LCx]: 13 ± 2%, right coronary artery [RCA]: 14 ± 2%) and DOB (LAD: 17 ± 3%, LCx: 18 ± 2%, RCA: 15 ± 3%). With DOX, ADE vasodilator responses were impaired after ∼4-mg/kg (LAD: -3 ± 1%, LCx: 0 ± 2%, RCA: -5 ± 2%) and ∼8-mg/kg (LAD: -3 ± 1%, LCx: 0 ± 1%, RCA: -2 ± 2%). The DOB dilation response was preserved at ∼4-mg/kg of DOX (LAD: 18 ± 4%, LCx: 11 ± 3%, RCA: 11 ± 2%) but tended to decrease at ∼8-mg/kg of DOX (LAD: 4 ± 2%, LCx: 8 ± 3%, RCA: 3 ± 2%). A significant left ventricular ejection fraction reduction was observed only at 12 to 15 mg/kg DOX (baseline: 63 ± 2%, 12-mg/kg: 45 ± 3%). Global longitudinal strain was abnormal at ∼4-mg/kg of DOX (p = 0.011).ConclusionsCTA can reliably assess epicardial coronary diameter in response to pharmacological stressors, providing a noninvasive functional index of coronary vasoreactivity. Impaired epicardial vasodilation occurs early in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Dataset Information

Personalization of CM Injection Protocols in Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (People CT Trial).

Publications

Personalization of CM Injection Protocols in Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (People CT Trial).

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