Effects of Muscle and Finishing Diets Containing Distillers Grains with Low Moisture Levels on Fatty Acid Deposition in Two Novel Value-added Beef Cuts.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Giotto FM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7207090 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Effects of Muscle and Finishing Diets Containing Distillers Grains with Low Moisture Levels on Fatty Acid Deposition in Two Novel Value-added Beef Cuts.
Giotto Francine M FM Fruet Ana Paula B APB Nörnberg José L JL Calkins Chris R CR de Mello Amilton S AS
Food science of animal resources 20200430 3
This study evaluated the effects of muscle and dietary treatments including CORN, dry distillers grains (DDGS), and modified distillers grains (MDGS) on fatty acid (FA) deposition in two novel value-added beef cuts (Petite Tender - <i>M. teres major -</i> TM, and Flat Iron - <i>M. infraspinatus</i> - INF). Crossbred steers were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments (CORN, 40% of DDGS with 8%-12% of moisture, and 40% of MDGS with 45%-55% of moisture - DM basis) and fed for 190 days ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:BackgroundThe high demand for ethanol in the U.S. has generated large stocks of wet distillers grains (DG), a byproduct from the manufacture of ethanol from corn and sorghum grains. Little is known, however, about the potential influence of dietary DG on fecal microbial community structure. A better understanding of the microbial population in beef cattle feces could be an important monitoring tool to facilitate goals of improving nutrient management, increasing animal growth performance and decreasing odors and/or shedding of pathogens. Five diets consisting of a traditional diet fed to finishing beef cattle in the Southern High Plains of Texas-CON (steam-flaked corn control with 0% DG), and four concentrations of DG in the dietary dry matter; 10 C (10% corn-based DG), 5S (5% sorghum-based DG), 10S (10% sorghum DG), and 15S (15% sorghum DG) were fed to steers at the Texas Tech University Burnett Animal Center. Diets were essentially isonitrogenous with a formulated crude protein value of 13.5%.ResultsFecal grab samples were obtained from 20 steers (n = 4 per diet) and the barcoded DNA pyrosequencing method was used to generate 127,530 16S operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A total of 24 phyla were observed, distributed amongst all beef cattle on all diets, revealing considerable animal to animal variation, however only six phyla (core set) were observed in all animals regardless of dietary treatment. The average abundance and range of abundance, respectively of the core phyla were as follows: Firmicutes (61%, 19 to 83%), Bacteroidetes (28%, 11 to 63%), Proteobacteria (3%, 0.34 to 17.5%), Tenericutes (0.15%, 0.0 to 0.35%), Nitrospirae (0.11%, 0.03 to 0.22%), and Fusobacteria (0.086%, 0.017 to 0.38%). Feeding DG-based diets resulted in significant shifts in the fecal microbial community structure compared with the traditional CON. Four low abundance phyla significantly responded to dietary treatments: Synergistetes (p = 0.01), WS3 (p = 0.054), Actinobacteria (p = 0.06), and Spirochaetes (p = 0.06).ConclusionsThis is, to our knowledge, the first study using this method to survey the fecal microbiome of beef cattle fed various concentrations of wet DG. Comparison of our results with other cattle DNA sequencing studies of beef and dairy cattle feces from a variety of geographical locations and different management practices identifies a core set of three phyla shared across all cattle. These three phyla, in order of relative abundance are; Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. The presence of large animal-to-animal variation in cattle microbiome was noted in our study as well as by others.
| S-EPMC3305651 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Differing fractions of a batch of feed, differing ingredient characteristics, and inadequate mix time can lead to non-uniformity within a mix of feed. Methods: The experiment was designed as a 5 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with seven replications per simple treatment mean. Factors included: 1) batch fraction (BF; n = 5); 2) corn silage inclusion level (CSLVL; n = 2) 15% or 30% inclusion (dry matter basis); and 3) mixing duration (DR; n = 2) of 20 or 25 mixer revolutions. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using a binomial approach. The Penn State Particle Separator was used to separate fractions of the total mixed ration (TMR). Results: No interactions between BF, CSLVL, and DR were detected ( P ≥ 0.31) for any dependent variables. There was an increase ( P = 0.01) in retention on the 19 mm sieve from the first BF compared to the last BF. CSLVL altered ( P = 0.01) retention on the 19 mm sieve. Increasing DR from 20 to 25 revolutions had no appreciable influence ( P = 0.23) on particles greater than 19 mm. CSLVL ( P = 0.01) and DR ( P = 0.01) altered particle retention on the 8 mm sieve. BF ( P = 0.01), CSLVL ( P = 0.01), and DR ( P = 0.02), influenced particle retention on the 4 mm sieve. CSLVL impacted ( P ≤ 0.01) particles remaining in the bottom pan and particles greater than 4 mm. BF ( P = 0.01) and CSLVL ( P = 0.01) altered particles greater than 8 mm. Conclusions: These data indicate that BF and CSLVL fed alters particle size distribution that in turn could alter dry matter intake, dietary net energy content, and influence daily gain. Mixing DR had no appreciable influence on particle size distribution of the TMR.
| S-EPMC8063516 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The inclusion of agro-industry by-products originated from corn ethanol production has increased in animal nutrition in Brazil, reducing formulation costs. In the literature, there is no consensus on how the high inclusion of de-oiled wet distillers grains can affect beef quality and the expression of lipogenic genes in Longissimus muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of WDG in the diet of F1 Angus-Nellore cattle on meat quality characteristics, chemical composition and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. A hundred F1 Angus-Nellore bulls, with average initial body weight (BW) of 369.5 ± 49 kg were used. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, and the animals were divided into two blocks (light and heavy) according to the initial body weight. The animals were fed diets containing levels of 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45% of WDG replacing dry corn and soybean meal. After 129 days of feedlot, the animals were slaughtered and samples of the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle were collected for quality analyzes such as shear force (3, 10 and 17 aging days), color (luminosity, red, Chroma and Hue), cooking losses, pH and chemical composition (moisture, protein, lipids and ash contents). In addition, the expression of the PPAR?, PPAR?, SREBP-1c, SCD1, LPL, FABP4, FASN, ACOX, CPT2, GPX1 and ACACA genes was investigated in the LT muscle by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data were analyzed using polynomial contrasts (linear, quadratic and control vs. WDG). There was no interaction (P > 0.05) between aging times and the inclusion of WDG in the diets on the meat quality (pH, cooking losses, coloration and tenderness). However, diets with increasing levels of WDG caused a linear reduction (P = 0.01) in the intramuscular fat of LT. The lipogenic genes SCD1, PPAR?, FASN and CPT2 were less expressed (P < 0.05) in response to the inclusion of WDG. These results suggest that the inclusion of WDG reduced the expression of lipogenic genes and consequently the marbling of LT muscle without affecting tenderness (shear force) and meat color traits.
| S-EPMC6822641 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Both genetic background and finishing system can alter fat deposition, thus indicating their influence on adipogenic and lipogenic factors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fat deposition and fatty acid composition in beef cattle are not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the effect of breed and dietary silage level on the expression patterns of key genes controlling lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle of cattle. To that purpose, forty bulls from two genetically diverse Portuguese bovine breeds with distinct maturity rates, Alentejana and Barrosã, were selected and fed either low (30% maize silage/70% concentrate) or high silage (70% maize silage/30% concentrate) diets. RESULTS: The results suggested that enhanced deposition of fatty acids in the SAT from Barrosã bulls, when compared to Alentejana, could be due to higher expression levels of lipogenesis (SCD and LPL) and ?-oxidation (CRAT) related genes. Our results also indicated that SREBF1 expression in the SAT is increased by feeding the low silage diet. Together, these results point out to a higher lipid turnover in the SAT of Barrosã bulls when compared to Alentejana. In turn, lipid deposition in the LL muscle is related to the expression of adipogenic (PPARG and FABP4) and lipogenic (ACACA and SCD) genes. The positive correlation between ACACA expression levels and total lipids, as well trans fatty acids, points to ACACA as a major player in intramuscular deposition in ruminants. Moreover, results reinforce the role of FABP4 in intramuscular fat development and the SAT as the major site for lipid metabolism in ruminants. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results showed that SAT and LL muscle fatty acid composition are mostly dependent on the genetic background. In addition, dietary silage level impacted on muscle lipid metabolism to a greater extent than on that of SAT, as evaluated by gene expression levels of adipogenic and lipogenic factors. Moreover, the response to diet composition evaluated through mRNA levels and fatty acid composition showed interesting differences between Alentejana and Barrosã bulls. These findings provide evidence that the genetic background should be taken into account while devising diet-based strategies to manipulate fatty acid composition of beef cattle tissues.
| S-EPMC3691746 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A total of 30 Simmental crossbred cattle (6.50 months old, 265.0 ± 22.48 kg) were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 heads per group, and fed for 45 days. The diet treatments consisted of the Control group without PFDG supplementation, the PFDG-15% group with 15% PFDG substituting for 15% concentrate, and PFDG-30% group with 30% PFDG substituting for 30% concentrate. The results showed that compared with the Control group, the average daily gain (ADG) of the cattle in the PFDG-30% group decreased significantly (0.890 vs. 0.768 kg/d, p = 0.005). The serum malondialdehyde content of cattle in the PFDG-15% and PFDG-30% groups decreased significantly (p = 0.047) compared to that of the Control group. However, the serum superoxide dismutase activity of cattle in the PFDG-30% group was significantly higher than that of the Control group (p = 0.047). Meanwhile, both the PFDG-15% and PFDG-30% groups (1758.47 vs. 2061.30 μg/mL) showed higher serum levels of immunoglobulin G, while the interleukin-10 concentration was lower in the PFDG-30% group (p = 0.027). In addition, the PFDG-15% and PFDG-30% groups shifted the rumen microbiota by improving the abundances of F082 (related to propionic acid production) and fiber-degrading bacteria (Lachnospiraceae_UGG-009 and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001) and reducing the abundance of the disease-associated bacteria Selenomonas. A Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis illustrated that three key metabolic pathways, including phenylalanine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism, were enriched in the PFDG-15% group, but eight key metabolic pathways, including arachidonic acid metabolism, were enriched in the PFDG-30% group. Importantly, both the PFDG-15% and PFDG-30% groups increased (p < 0.01) the activities of cellulase, lipase, and protease in the rumen. Finally, the different bacterial abundance in the rumen was associated with changes in the ADG, serum antioxidant capacity, immune status, rumen enzyme activity, and metabolites. These results suggest that PFDG alters rumen microbiome abundance, metabolome, and enzyme activity for enhancing serum antioxidant capacity and the immune status, but when the supplemental level reaches 30%, it has a negative effect on ADG and the anti-inflammatory factors in finishing cattle.
| S-EPMC10740804 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Single-pass corn stover harvest is a method whereby combine harvester tailings consisting of cob, stalk, leaf, husk, and tassel fractions are collected and baled without coming into contact with soil. The objective was to feed beef steers diets that included a roughage component consisting of harvested corn residue in chopped form from conventional corn stover bales (CST) or single-pass bales (SPB) to assess intake selectivity of corn stover fractions and estimate net energy values of these corn stovers. Whole plant corn silage served as the control roughage in the control diet (CSIL). Steers (n = 90, 5 pens per treatment) were fed during Grow (84 d) and Finish (66 d) trials. Steers sorted through corn stover during both trials and consumed 52.5% of corn stover offered and 40% of cob offered. Intake of SPB cob was 2.6-fold and 3.3-fold greater than CST cob intake (P < 0.01) in Grow and Finish trials, respectively, indicating that when more cob was available, cattle consumed more. During the Grow trial, stover intake tended (P = 0.07) to be lower for SPB and diet dry matter intake (DMI) was less (P ≤ 0.05) for SPB, which may be due to the elevated cob intake by SPB steers. Across treatments, stover DMI was similar in the Grow (1.10 kg per steer per d) and Finish (1.11 kg per steer per d) trials. The proportion (65%) of Fines (<8 mm) consumed from the Grow diet (40% neutral detergent fiber, aNDF) was greater than the Finish diet (25% aNDF; 18% to 31%) and gleaning of concentrate feeds from orts seemed to be more extensive in the Grow diet. Steers consuming Finish diets containing SPB and CST had DMI that were 17% and 18%, respectively, greater (P ≤ 0.05) than CSIL, an indication of compensatory intake. The physical effectiveness factors for stovers fed in the Grow and Finish diets were 0.85 and 0.95, respectively. Estimates for net energy maintenance and net energy gain (NEg), respectively, using National Research Council methods from 2001 were as follows for consumed stovers: SPB (1.09 and 0.54 Mcal/kg) and CST (0.98 and 0.44 Mcal/kg) in the Grow trial, and SPB (0.96 and 0.42 Mcal/kg) and CST (0.95 and 0.40 Mcal/kg) in the Finish trial. Although SPB and CST differ in botanical fraction composition and net intakes of botanical fractions, their energetic contributions to steer performance were very similar. Steers fed the Finish diet (1.25 Mcal performance-adjusted NEg per kg) selected stover botanical components to achieve a diet composition of 25% aNDF.
| S-EPMC9162386 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this project is identifying differentially expressed (DE) genes which are associated with higher omega-3 fatty acids deposition in beef cows. Omega-3 fatty acids have been found to influence meat flavor and are beneficial to human health. Supplementation of livestock diets with flaxseed, a rich source of ë±-linolenic acid, is the most common means of producing omega-3 fatty acid-enriched animal products. Towards the goal of enhancing beef fatty acid composition, 64 crossbred cull cows (~30 months of age) with similar breed composition were randomized by weight/body condition, and fed one of four 50:50 forage:concentrate diets on a DM basis (16 cows/treatment), containing ground barley grain with either hay or silage, supplemented with 0 or 15% ground flaxseed (DM basis). Cows were slaughtered after spending 140 days on the treatment diets. Five cows from each of the four diets were selected for transcriptional analysis based on FA profiles of the kidney fat collected at slaughter. RNA was isolated from Longissimus thoracis muscle, subcutaneous and kidney fat of each cow (20 samples/tissue) and hybridized in duplicate to BOMC 24K 60-mer microarrays. Differential gene expression between flax-fed and non-flax-fed cows as well as identifying those genes associated with fatty acid metabolism were studied.
2015-02-26 | E-MTAB-3371 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:An amphiphilic ligand-capped gold nanoflower (AuNF) was proposed as a novel lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) reporter for zearalenone (ZEN) detection in distillers dried grains solubles (DDGS). The amphiphilic ligand consists of a thiol-terminated hydrophobic alkane chain, a tetra (ethylene glycol) unit, and a terminal carboxyl group. The novel AuNF probe (N-AuNF-Abs) was prepared by coupling the amino group of anti-ZEN antibodies with the AuNF carboxyl group via an amido covalent linkage. For comparison, a traditional AuNF probe (Tr-AuNF-Abs) was prepared by labeling antibodies on the surface of citrate capped AuNFs via an electrostatic adsorption method. The detection performance of the two probes in LFA was systematically investigated, including the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), robustness and reproducibility for ZEN quantitative detection in DDGS samples, and shelf life. The N-AuNF-Ab based LFA (N-LFA) had a lower IC50 value (15.97 ng mL-1) for ZEN detection in phosphate buffered saline than that of the Tr-AuNF-mAb based LFA (Tr-LFA, 31.06 ng mL-1). The IC50 value of N-LFA in DDGS extract was 17.46 ng mL-1, whereas the Tr-LFA showed poor robustness and reproducibility in DDGS samples, resulting in a failed determination. The intra- and inter-assays of N-LFA for ZEN-spiked DDGS samples indicated that the average recoveries ranged from 93.0% to 125.9%, with coefficients of variation ranging from 2.8% to 21.9%. These results indicated that the N-LFA strip exhibits good robustness and an acceptable accuracy for ZEN quantitative detection in complex DDGS samples. In accelerated aging studies, N-LFA showed a longer shelf life (5 years) than that of Tr-LFA (1 year). In summary, the proposed method provided a novel strategy to prepare a super-stable probe for enhancing the detection performance of LFA for small molecular detection in complex sample matrices such as DDGS.
| S-EPMC9075177 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Beef is an important dietary source of quality animal proteins and amino acids in human nutrition. The fatty acid composition is one of the indispensable indicators affecting nutritional value of beef. However, a comprehensive understanding of the expression changes underlying fatty acid composition in representative beef cuts is needed in cattle. This study aimed to characterize the dynamics of fatty acid composition using comparative transcriptomic analysis in five different type of beef cuts. We identified 7545 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among 10 pair-wise comparisons. Co-expression gene network analysis identified two modules, which were significantly correlated with 2 and 20 fatty acid composition, respectively. We also identified 38 candidate genes, and functional enrichment showed that these genes were involved in fatty acid biosynthetic process and degradation, PPAR, and AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, we observed a cluster of DEGs (e.g., SCD, LPL, FABP3, and PPARD) which were involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Our results provide some valuable insights into understanding the transcriptome regulation of candidate genes on fatty acid composition of beef cuts, and our findings may facilitate the designs of genetic selection program for beneficial fatty acid composition in beef cattle.
| S-EPMC8750426 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pig-breeding businesses have resulted in global breeding programs that select pigs to perform well on high-energy high-protein diets, which are traditionally based on corn and soybean meal. Nowadays, there is a shift toward diets based on cereals and co-products, therefore, high dietary inclusion of co-products can modify the expected performance of these pigs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding a cereals-alternative ingredients diet (CA-diet) compared to a corn-soybean meal diet (CS-diet) on the growth performance, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics of genetically similar growing-finishing gilts and boars. In total, 160 pigs, 80 gilts and 80 boars, coming from 18 litters were used. The pigs were blocked based on litter, to ensure no genetic differences between the 2 treatments. For the starter phase, pigs fed the CA-diet performed in terms of growth, and feed efficiency, as good as the pigs fed CS-diet (P > 0.05). For the grower phase, pigs fed the CA-diet had the same ADFI (P > 0.05), but a lower daily energy intake (ADEI) (P < 0.001), and same growth performance (P > 0.05) than pig fed the CS-diet, therefore pigs fed the CA-diet were more efficient in terms of residual energy intake (REI) (P < 0.001). For the finisher phase, interaction between diet and sex had an effect on ADFI (P < 0.001), ADEI (P < 0.001), ADG (P = 0.010), and lipid deposition (Ld) (P = 0.016). Pigs fed the CA-diet were less efficient than pigs fed the CS-diet, i.e., G:F (P < 0.001), RFI (P < 0.001), and REI (P = 0.007). In general, feeding a CA-diet to pigs showed to improve the ratio between Pd and Ld, especially for boars. Also, pigs fed the CA-diet showed thinner back fat thickness (P < 0.001), same loin depth thickness (P > 0.05), but lower dressing percentage (P < 0.001), than pigs fed the CS-diet.
| S-EPMC6247845 | biostudies-other