Dataset Information

Linking diffuse radiation and ecosystem productivity of a desert steppe ecosystem.

ABSTRACT: Radiation components have distinct effects on photosynthesis. In the desert steppe ecosystem, the influence of diffuse radiation on carbon fixation has not been thoroughly explored. We examined this diffusion and its effect on ecosystem productivity was examined during the growing season from 2014 to 2015 on the basis of eddy covariance measurements of CO2 exchange in a desert steppe ecosystem in northwest China. Our results indicated that the gross ecosystem production (GEP) and diffuse photosynthetically active radiation (PARdif) peaked when the clearness index (CI) was around 0.5. The maximum canopy photosynthesis (Pmax) under cloudy skies (CI < 0.7) was 23.7% greater than under clear skies (CI ? 0.7). When the skies became cloudy in the desert steppe ecosystem, PARdif had a greater effect on GEP. Additionally, lower vapor pressure deficits (VPD ? 1 kPa), lower air temperatures (Ta ? 20 °C), and non-stressed water conditions (REW ? 0.4) were more conducive for enhanced ecosystem photosynthesis under cloudy skies than under clear skies. This may be due to the comprehensive effects of VPD and Ta on stomatal conductance. We concluded that cloudiness can influence diffuse radiation components and that diffuse radiation can increase the ecosystem production of desert steppe ecosystems in northwest China.

SUBMITTER: Li C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7207212 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Linking diffuse radiation and ecosystem productivity of a desert steppe ecosystem.

Li Cheng C Jia Xin X Ma Jingyong J Liu Peng P Yang Ruizhi R Bai Yujie Y Hayat Muhammad M Liu Jinglan J Zha Tianshan T

PeerJ 20200505

Radiation components have distinct effects on photosynthesis. In the desert steppe ecosystem, the influence of diffuse radiation on carbon fixation has not been thoroughly explored. We examined this diffusion and its effect on ecosystem productivity was examined during the growing season from 2014 to 2015 on the basis of eddy covariance measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in a desert steppe ecosystem in northwest China. Our results indicated that the gross ecosystem production (GEP) and diff ...[more]

PMID: 32411524

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Project description:Background:Precipitation is predicted to become more variable in the western United States, meaning years of above and below average precipitation will become more common. Periods of extreme precipitation are major drivers of interannual variability in ecosystem functioning in water limited communities, but how ecosystems respond to these extremes over the long-term may shift with precipitation means and variances. Long-term changes in ecosystem functional response could reflect compensatory changes in species composition or species reaching physiological thresholds at extreme precipitation levels. Methods:We conducted a five year precipitation manipulation experiment in a sagebrush steppe ecosystem in Idaho, United States. We used drought and irrigation treatments (approximately 50% decrease/increase) to investigate whether ecosystem functional response remains consistent under sustained high or low precipitation. We recorded data on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), species abundance, and soil moisture. We fit a generalized linear mixed effects model to determine if the relationship between ANPP and soil moisture differed among treatments. We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling to quantify community composition over the five years. Results:Ecosystem functional response, defined as the relationship between soil moisture and ANPP, was similar among irrigation and control treatments, but the drought treatment had a greater slope than the control treatment. However, all estimates for the effect of soil moisture on ANPP overlapped zero, indicating the relationship is weak and uncertain regardless of treatment. There was also large spatial variation in ANPP within-years, which contributes to the uncertainty of the soil moisture effect. Plant community composition was remarkably stable over the course of the experiment and did not differ among treatments. Discussion:Despite some evidence that ecosystem functional response became more sensitive under sustained drought conditions, the response of ANPP to soil moisture was consistently weak and community composition was stable. The similarity of ecosystem functional responses across treatments was not related to compensatory shifts at the plant community level, but instead may reflect the insensitivity of the dominant species to soil moisture. These species may be successful precisely because they have evolved life history strategies that buffer them against precipitation variability.

Project description:Brucellosis is a severe public health problem in the Inner Mongolia regions of China. The recent prevalence of brucellosis outbreaks may be attributed to an increase in the activity of ticks and other air-borne vectors. Dermacentor nuttalli (D. nuttalli) is a native tick species of Inner Mongolia; similar to other tick species, D. nuttalli carries a variety of pathogens that can be transmitted to a wide range of animals. In this study, we have investigated the potential of D. nuttalli in transmitting brucellosis. From 2015 to 2019, 2,256 ticks were collected from 23 different pastoral areas of Hulun Buir. Brucellosis pathogen was detected using DNA extracted from different developmental stages of ticks. Salivary gland and midgut tissue samples were used as templates to amplify Brucella Bscp31 gene (Brucella genus-specific gene) by using TaqMan Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To detect the presence of Bscp31 protein, which is specific to Brucella spp., in the midgut and salivary gland tissues of D. nuttalli, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed. Additionally, Brucella spp. were isolated using a culture medium. Tick samples were identified as D. nuttalli. Different percentages of Brucella genus-specific genes could be found in the tick samples. From 2015 to 2019, the positivity rate for the detection of Bscp31 gene in D. nuttalli ranged from 0.00 to 87.80%, with the highest rate of 89.00%. In addition, Brucella genus-specific genes were successfully detected in the samples isolated from all the developmental stages and anatomical regions of ticks. Bscp31 protein was present in the midgut and salivary gland of D. nuttalli. Further, B. melitensis biotype 3 was isolated from eggs and engorged adults of D. nuttalli. These findings demonstrate that D. nuttalli is a potent, long-term carrier of Brucella spp. that can exhibit transovarial transmission potential, presenting D. nuttalli as a novel arthropod host for Brucella spp. This study, therefore, indicates the potential risk of transmission of brucellosis via tick bites among animals as well as human beings.

Dataset Information

Linking diffuse radiation and ecosystem productivity of a desert steppe ecosystem.

Publications

Linking diffuse radiation and ecosystem productivity of a desert steppe ecosystem.

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