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Increased body fat and reduced insulin sensitivity are associated with impaired endothelial function and subendocardial viability in healthy, non-Hispanic white adolescents.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease has its origins in adolescents. Endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and decreased endocardial oxygen supply: demand ratios are early functional markers of cardiovascular risk. The goal of this study was to determine the relationships of these markers to physical, inflammatory, and metabolic markers in healthy non-Hispanic, white adolescents. METHODS:Thirty-four of the 75 subjects were female. Mean age was 15.0 ± 1.7?years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.0 ± 5.8 kg/m2 (mean?±?SD). Reactive hyperemia was measured using venous occlusion plethysmography. Arterial tonometry was used to measure the augmentation index (AIx75 ) and the Buckberg subendocardial viability ratio. Blood samples were taken to measure inflammatory and lipid markers and oral glucose tolerance test was used to assess insulin sensitivity. RESULTS:Reactive hyperemia decreased as body mass and fat mass increased. It also decreased with increasing neutrophil count. The Buckberg index was higher in males and was positively related to insulin sensitivity even when accounting for age, sex, and resting heart rate. AIx75 was not related to any of the other variables. CONCLUSIONS:These results demonstrate that increased fat mass and decreased insulin sensitivity are related to poorer vascular function and cardiac risk in adolescents before the development of actual cardiovascular disease.

SUBMITTER: Hoffman RP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7207768 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Increased body fat and reduced insulin sensitivity are associated with impaired endothelial function and subendocardial viability in healthy, non-Hispanic white adolescents.

Hoffman Robert P RP Copenhaver Melanie M MM Zhou Danlei D Yu Chack-Yung CY

Pediatric diabetes 20190728 7

<h4>Background</h4>Cardiovascular disease has its origins in adolescents. Endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and decreased endocardial oxygen supply: demand ratios are early functional markers of cardiovascular risk. The goal of this study was to determine the relationships of these markers to physical, inflammatory, and metabolic markers in healthy non-Hispanic, white adolescents.<h4>Methods</h4>Thirty-four of the 75 subjects were female. Mean age was 15.0 ± 1.7 years and mean body ma ...[more]

PMID: 31329355

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Project description:Background: Zinc is a micronutrient involved in the production of, and peripheral sensitivity to, pancreatic ? cell-derived insulin. To our knowledge, the effect of zinc supplementation on insulin outcomes, and potential risk of diabetes, in otherwise healthy children in the United States has not been investigated.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of zinc supplementation on insulin outcomes in black and white girls in the early stages of adolescence. A secondary objective was to determine relations between baseline zinc concentrations and insulin outcomes.Methods: Healthy black and white girls aged 9-11 y were randomly assigned to daily supplementation of zinc (9 mg elemental Zn/d; n = 75; blacks: n = 35) or placebo (n = 72; blacks: n = 32) for 4 wk. Fasting serum insulin, glucose, and C-peptide were assessed at baseline and at 4 wk. C-peptide and glucose values were used to calculate the computer model-derived homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). Changes in outcome measures were compared by using repeated-measures, mixed-model ANOVA.Results: Baseline plasma zinc was not correlated with C-peptide (r = -0.07), insulin (r = -0.06), or HOMA2-IR (r = -0.09) (all P > 0.05) after controlling for race and age. Treatment × time interactions for C-peptide and HOMA2-IR were not significant (both P > 0.05). Although the treatment × race × time interactions for C-peptide and HOMA2-IR were not significant (both P = 0.08), black girls who received the placebo experienced slight increases in C-peptide (15.7%) and HOMA2-IR (17.7%) (P = 0.06).Conclusions: Four weeks of zinc supplementation had no effect on insulin outcomes in healthy black and white early-adolescent girls, although C-peptide and HOMA2-IR tended to increase in black girls who received placebo. Additional trials that are appropriately powered should further explore the effect of zinc on markers of diabetes risk, and whether race affects this relation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01892098.

Dataset Information

Increased body fat and reduced insulin sensitivity are associated with impaired endothelial function and subendocardial viability in healthy, non-Hispanic white adolescents.

Publications

Increased body fat and reduced insulin sensitivity are associated with impaired endothelial function and subendocardial viability in healthy, non-Hispanic white adolescents.

Similar Datasets

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