Dataset Information

Understanding PM2.5 concentration and removal efficiency variation in urban forest park-Observation at human breathing height.

ABSTRACT: To increase our knowledge of PM2.5 concentrations near the surface in a forest park in Beijing, an observational study measured the concentration and composition of PM2.5 in Beijing Olympic Forest Park from 2014 to 2015. This study analyzed the meteorological factors and removal efficiency at 1.5 m above the ground (human breathing height) over the day in the forest. The results showed that the average concentrations of PM2.5 near the surface peaked at 07:00-09:30 and reached their lowest at 12:00-15:00. Besides, the results showed that the annual concentration of PM2.5 in the forest was highest during winter, followed by spring and fall, and was lowest during summer. The main chemical components of PM2.5 near the surface in the forest were SO4 2- and NO3 -, which accounted for 68.72% of all water-soluble ions that we observed. The concentration of PM2.5 in the forest had a significant positive correlation with relative humidity and a significant negative correlation with temperature. The removal efficiency near the surface showed no significant variation through the day or year. In the forest, the highest removal efficiency occurred between 07:00 and 09:30 in summer, while the lowest occurred between 09:30 and 12:00 in winter.

SUBMITTER: Yan G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7211407 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Understanding PM2.5 concentration and removal efficiency variation in urban forest park-Observation at human breathing height.

Yan Guoxin G Yu Zibo Z Wu Yanan Y Liu Jiakai J Wang Yu Y Zhai Jiexiu J Cong Ling L Zhang Zhenming Z

PeerJ 20200507

To increase our knowledge of PM2.5 concentrations near the surface in a forest park in Beijing, an observational study measured the concentration and composition of PM2.5 in Beijing Olympic Forest Park from 2014 to 2015. This study analyzed the meteorological factors and removal efficiency at 1.5 m above the ground (human breathing height) over the day in the forest. The results showed that the average concentrations of PM2.5 near the surface peaked at 07:00-09:3 ...[more]

PMID: 32419985

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Project description:Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) causes severe haze in China and is regarded as a threat to human health. The health effects of PM2.5 vary location by location due to the variation in size distribution, chemical com position, and sources. In this study, the cytotoxicity effect, oxidative stress, and gene expression regulation of PM2.5 in Chengdu and Chongqing, two typical urban areas in southern China, were evaluated. Urban PM2.5 in summer and winter significantly inhibited cell viability and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in A549 cells. Notably, PM2.5 in winter exhibited higher cytotoxicity and ROS level than summer. Moreover, in this study, PM2.5 commonly induced cancer-related gene expression such as cell adhesion molecule 1(PECAM1), interleukin 24 (IL24), and cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1); meanwhile, PM2.5 commonly acted on cancer-related biological functions such as cell-substrate junction, cell-cell junction, and focal adhesion. In partic ular, PM2.5 in Chengdu in summer had the highest carcinogenic potential among PM2.5 at the two sites in summer and winter. Importantly, cancer-related genes were uniquely targeted by PM2.5, such as epithelial splicing regu latory protein 1 (ESRP1) and membrane-associated ring-CH-type finger 1 (1-Mar) by Chengdu summer PM2.5; collagen type IX alpha 3 chain (COL9A3) by Chengdu winter PM2.5; SH2 domain-containing 1B (SH2D1B) by Chongqing summer PM2.5; and interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1) and zinc finger protein 42 (ZNF423) by Chongqing winter PM2.5. Meanwhile, important cancer-related biological functions were specially induced by PM2.5, such as cell cycle checkpoint by Chengdu summer PM2.5; macromolecule methylation by Chengdu win ter PM2.5; endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane by Chongqing summer PM2.5;and cellular lipid catabolic process by Chongqing winter PM2.5. Conclusively, in the typical urban areas of southern China, both summer and winter PM2.5 illustrated significant gene regulation effects. This study contrib utes to evaluating the adverse health effects of PM2.5 in southern China and providing public health suggestions for policymakers.

Project description:ObjectivesThe goals of this study were to assess the air quality in subway systems in the northeastern United States and estimate the health risks for transit workers and commuters.MethodsWe report real-time and gravimetric PM2.5 concentrations and particle composition from area samples collected in the subways of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Boston, Massachusetts; New York City, New York/New Jersey (NYC/NJ); and Washington, District of Columbia. A total of 71 stations across 12 transit lines were monitored during morning and evening rush hours.ResultsWe observed variable and high PM2.5 concentrations for on-train and on-platform measurements during morning (from 0600 hours to 1000 hours) and evening (from 1500 hours to 1900 hours) rush hour across cities. Mean real-time PM2.5 concentrations in underground stations were 779±249, 548±207, 341±147, 327±136, and 112±46.7 μg/m3 for the PATH-NYC/NJ; MTA-NYC; Washington, DC; Boston; and Philadelphia transit systems, respectively. In contrast, the mean real-time ambient PM2.5 concentration taken above ground outside the subway stations of PATH-NYC/NJ; MTA-NYC; Washington, DC; Boston; and Philadelphia were 20.8±9.3, 24.1±9.3, 12.01±7.8, 10.0±2.7, and 12.6±12.6 μg/m3, respectively. Stations serviced by the PATH-NYC/NJ system had the highest mean gravimetric PM2.5 concentration, 1,020 μg/m3, ever reported for a subway system, including two 1-h gravimetric PM2.5 values of approximately 1,700 μg/m3 during rush hour at one PATH-NYC/NJ subway station. Iron and total carbon accounted for approximately 80% of the PM2.5 mass in a targeted subset of systems and stations.DiscussionOur results document that there is an elevation in the PM2.5 concentrations across subway systems in the major urban centers of Northeastern United States during rush hours. Concentrations in some subway stations suggest that transit workers and commuters may be at increased risk according to U.S. federal environmental and occupational guidelines, depending on duration of exposure. This concern is highest for the PM2.5 concentrations encountered in the PATH-NYC/NJ transit system. Further research is urgently needed to identify the sources of PM2.5 and factors that contribute to high levels in individual stations and lines and to assess their potential health impacts on workers and/or commuters. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7202.

Dataset Information

Understanding PM2.5 concentration and removal efficiency variation in urban forest park-Observation at human breathing height.

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Understanding PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration and removal efficiency variation in urban forest park-Observation at human breathing height.

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