Dataset Information

Developmental maturation of inhibitory control circuitry in a high-risk sample: A longitudinal fMRI study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The goal of this work was to characterize the maturation of inhibitory control brain function from childhood to early adulthood using longitudinal data collected in two cohorts.

Methods

Functional MRI during a go/no-go task was conducted in 290 participants, with 88 % undergoing repeated scanning at 1- to 2-year intervals. One group entered the study at age 7-13 years (n?=?117); the other entered at age 18-23 years (n?=?173). 33.1 % of the sample had two parents with a substance use disorder (SUD), 43.8 % had one parent with an SUD, and 23.1 % had no parents with an SUD. 1162 scans were completed, covering ages 7-28, with longitudinal data from the cohorts overlapping across ages 16-21. A marginal model with sandwich estimator standard errors was used to characterize voxel-wise age-related changes in hemodynamic response associated with successful inhibitory control.

Results

There was significant positive linear activation associated with age in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. No clusters survived thresholding with negative linear, positive or negative quadratic, or positive or negative cubic contrasts.

Conclusions

These findings extend previous cross-sectional and small-scale longitudinal studies that have observed positive linear developmental trajectories of brain function during inhibitory control.

SUBMITTER: Cope LM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7212183 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Developmental maturation of inhibitory control circuitry in a high-risk sample: A longitudinal fMRI study.

Cope Lora M LM Hardee Jillian E JE Martz Meghan E ME Zucker Robert A RA Nichols Thomas E TE Heitzeg Mary M MM

Developmental cognitive neuroscience 20200425

<h4>Background</h4>The goal of this work was to characterize the maturation of inhibitory control brain function from childhood to early adulthood using longitudinal data collected in two cohorts.<h4>Methods</h4>Functional MRI during a go/no-go task was conducted in 290 participants, with 88 % undergoing repeated scanning at 1- to 2-year intervals. One group entered the study at age 7-13 years (n = 117); the other entered at age 18-23 years (n = 173). 33.1 % of the sample had two parents with a ...[more]

PMID: 32510344

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Project description:ImportanceHeroin addiction and related mortality impose a devastating toll on society, with little known about the neurobiology of this disease or its treatment. Poor inhibitory control is a common manifestation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) impairments in addiction, and its potential recovery following treatment is largely unknown in heroin (or any drug) addiction.ObjectiveTo study inhibitory control brain activity in iHUD and HC, before and after 15 weeks of inpatient treatment in the former.DesignA longitudinal cohort study (11/2020-03/2022) where iHUD and HC underwent baseline and follow-up fMRI scans. Average follow-up duration: 15 weeks.SettingThe iHUD and HC were recruited from treatment facilities and surrounding neighborhoods, respectively.ParticipantsTwenty-six iHUD [40.6±10.1 years; 7 (29.2%) women] and 24 age-/sex-matched HC [41.1±9.9 years; 9 (37.5%) women].InterventionFollowing the baseline scan, inpatient iHUD continued to participate in a medically-assisted program for an average of 15 weeks (abstinence increased from an initial 183±236 days by 65±82 days). The HC were scanned at similar time intervals.Main outcomes and measuresBehavioral performance as measured by the stop-signal response time (SSRT), target detection sensitivity (d', proportion of hits in go vs. false-alarms in stop trials), and brain activity (blood-oxygen level dependent signal differences) during successful vs. failed stops in the stop signal task.ResultsAs we previously reported, at time 1 and as compared to HC, iHUD exhibited similar SSRT but impaired d' [t(38.7)=2.37, p=.023], and lower anterior and dorsolateral PFC (aPFC, dlPFC) activity (p<.001). Importantly, at time 2, there were significant gains in aPFC and dlPFC activity in the iHUD (group*session interaction, p=.002); the former significantly correlated with increases in d' specifically in iHUD (p=.012).Conclusions and relevanceCompared to HC, the aPFC and dlPFC impairments in the iHUD at time 1 were normalized at time 2, which was associated with individual differences in improvements in target detection sensitivity. For the first time in any drug addiction, these results indicate a treatment-mediated inhibitory control brain activity recovery. These neurobehavioral results highlight the aPFC and dlPFC as targets for intervention with a potential to enhance self-control recovery in heroin addiction.

Project description:Nicotine addiction is associated with dysregulated inhibitory control (IC), mediated by corticothalamic circuitry including the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Among sated smokers, worse IC task performance and greater IC-related rIFG activity have been shown to be associated with greater relapse vulnerability. The present study investigated the effects of smoking abstinence on associations between IC task performance, rIFG activation, and smoking behavior. Smokers (N = 26, 15 female) completed an IC task (Go/Go/No-go) during fMRI scanning followed by a laboratory-based smoking relapse analog task (SRT) on two visits: once when sated and once following 24 h of smoking abstinence. During the SRT, smokers were provided with monetary rewards for incrementally delaying smoking. A significant main effect of No-go accuracy on latency to smoke during the SRT was observed when collapsing across smoking states (abstinent vs. sated). Similarly, a significant main effect of IC-related activation in rIFG on SRT performance was observed across states. The main effect of state, however, was non-significant in both of these models. Furthermore, the interaction between smoking state and No-go accuracy on SRT performance was non-significant, indicating a similar relationship between IC and lapse vulnerability under both sated and abstinent conditions. The state X rIFG activation interaction on SRT performance was likewise non-significant. Post-hoc whole brain analyses indicated that abstinence resulted in greater IC-related activity in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and insula. Activation during IC in these regions was significantly associated with decreased No-go accuracy. Moreover, greater abstinence induced activity in right MFG during IC was associated with smoking sooner on the SRT. These findings are bolstered by the extant literature on the effects of nicotine on executive function and also contribute novel insights on how individual differences in behavioral and neuroimaging measures of IC may influence relapse propensity independent of smoking state.

Dataset Information

Developmental maturation of inhibitory control circuitry in a high-risk sample: A longitudinal fMRI study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Developmental maturation of inhibitory control circuitry in a high-risk sample: A longitudinal fMRI study.

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