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Evolutionary and functional genetics of insect diapause: a call for greater integration.

ABSTRACT: Diapause in response to seasonality is an important model for rapid evolutionary adaptation that is highly genetically variable, and experiences strong natural selection. Forward genetic methods using various genomic and transcriptomic approaches have begun to characterize the genetic architecture and candidate genes underlying diapause evolution. Largely in parallel, reverse genetic studies have identified functional roles for candidate genes that may or may not be genetically variable. We illustrate the disconnect between the evolutionary and physiological literature using a suite of studies of the role of the circadian clock in diapause regulation. These extensive studies in two different disciplines provide excellent opportunities for integration, which should facilitate rapid progress in understanding both the regulation and evolution of diapause.

SUBMITTER: Ragland GJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7212789 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evolutionary and functional genetics of insect diapause: a call for greater integration.

Ragland Gregory J GJ Armbruster Peter A PA Meuti Megan E ME

Current opinion in insect science 20190814

Diapause in response to seasonality is an important model for rapid evolutionary adaptation that is highly genetically variable, and experiences strong natural selection. Forward genetic methods using various genomic and transcriptomic approaches have begun to characterize the genetic architecture and candidate genes underlying diapause evolution. Largely in parallel, reverse genetic studies have identified functional roles for candidate genes that may or may not be genetically variable. We illu ...[more]

PMID: 31539788

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Most organisms have evolved a circadian clock in order to anticipate daily environmental changes and many of these organisms are also capable of sophisticated measurement of daylength (photoperiodism) that is used to regulate seasonal events such as diapause, migration and polymorphism. It has been generally accepted that the same elements are involved in both circadian (daily) and seasonal (annual) rhythms because both rely upon daily light-dark cycles. However, as reasonable as this sounds, there remains no conclusive evidence of such a molecular machinery in insects. We have approached this issue by using RNA interference (RNAi) in Riptortus pedestris. RESULTS: The cuticle deposition rhythm exhibited the major properties of circadian rhythms, indicating that the rhythm is regulated by a circadian clock. RNAi directed against the circadian clock genes of period and cycle, which are negative and positive regulators in the circadian clock, respectively, disrupted the cuticle deposition rhythm and distinct cuticle layers were produced by these RNAi. Simultaneously, period RNAi caused the insect to avert diapause under a diapause-inducing photoperiod whereas cycle RNAi induced diapause under a diapause-averting photoperiod. The expression patterns of juvenile hormone-regulated genes and the application of juvenile hormone analogue suggested that neither ovarian development itself nor a downstream cascade of juvenile hormone secretion, were disturbed by period and cycle RNAi. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the circadian clock genes are crucial not only for daily rhythms but also for photoperiodic diapause. RNAi directed against period and cycle had opposite effects not only in the circadian cuticle deposition rhythm but also in the photoperiodic diapause. These RNAi also had opposite effects on juvenile hormone-regulated gene expression. It is still possible that the circadian clock genes pleiotropically affect ovarian development but, based on these results, we suggest that the circadian clock operated by the circadian clock genes, period and cycle, governs seasonal timing as well as the daily rhythms.

Dataset Information

Evolutionary and functional genetics of insect diapause: a call for greater integration.

Publications

Evolutionary and functional genetics of insect diapause: a call for greater integration.

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