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Correlation between patient and visitor violence and workload among public healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:We studied the characteristics of patient and visitor violence (PVV) and the workload of doctors and nurses, and identified the correlation between the incidence of PVV and healthcare worker (HCW) workload in China. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTING:288 public health institutions in a city in northern China. PARTICIPANTS:Data on 87 998 HCWs were extracted from the 2015 database of the Medical Quality and Safety Notification System. MEASURES:The data included characteristics of the healthcare institution, types of services provided, information about each complaint and reported PVV incidents by hospital level. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression modelling were used to identify the correlation between the incidence of PVV and HCW workload. RESULTS:Three types of institutions were identified as being at particularly high risk for PVV: tertiary hospitals, specialised hospitals and institutions in a downtown district. Incidence rates of PVV at tertiary hospitals, specialised hospitals and institutions in a downtown district were 16.6%, 17.6% and 22.8%, respectively. All three types of institutions had a high inpatient workload (admissions per doctor per day): 0.15, 0.17 and 0.12, respectively. After controlling for scale, type and location, it was found that the overall incidence rate of PVV increased with increasing outpatient workload (β=0.236, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:PVV poses a significant challenge to public health institutions in China, and the high workload of HCWs likely contributes to higher risk of PVV. Prevention and intervention of PVV may be targeted to HCWs at specific institutions. The patient complaint notification system needs improvement and could be, for example, a better source of PVV information for future interventions.

SUBMITTER: Huang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7217091 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to evaluate the rate of workplace violence in county hospitals in China and its impact on healthcare workers and to explore the relationship between hospital violence, coping styles and anxiety to provide effective procedures for reducing anxiety among healthcare workers.MethodsThe study used stratified sampling to select 1200 healthcare workers from 30 county hospitals in China to conduct a questionnaire survey. Of these, 1030 were valid questionnaires, and the effective response rate was 85.83%. We collected demographic characteristics of our participants and administered the following scales to them: Workplace Violence, Trait Coping Style, Self-rating Anxiety. Data were statistically analysed.ResultsThe results showed that 67.28% of healthcare workers in county hospitals in China had experienced workplace violence in the previous 12 months, with prevalent verbal violence (66.12%) followed by physical violence (15.24%). Workplace violence in hospitals was negatively related to positive coping (r=-0.091, p<0.01) but positively related to negative coping (r=0.114, p<0.001) and anxiety (r=0.298, p<0.001). Positive and negative coping was negatively (r=-0.085, p<0.01) and positively (r=0.254, p<0.001) associated with anxiety respectively. Positive and negative coping influenced both hospital workplace violence and anxiety in healthcare workers who were victims of violence. Compared with positive coping, the mediating effect of negative coping was stronger (95% CI -0.177 to -0.006).ConclusionsThe incidence of workplace violence among healthcare workers in county-level hospitals in China is relatively high, and there is a correlation between hospital violence, coping styles and anxiety. Positive and negative coping play a mediating role in the impact of hospital violence on healthcare workers' anxiety. Therefore, hospital administrators should actively promote healthcare workers' transition to positive coping strategies and minimise the negative impact of anxiety on them.

Project description:ObjectivesWorkplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs) is a global issue. Our research aimed to elucidate the status and associated factors of WPV among front-line/non-front-line HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignThis cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs in Hangzhou City through multistage sampling from December 2020 to January 2021.ParticipantsThis study included 14 909 valid samples (N=3748 front-line HCWs and N=11 161 non-front-line HCWs).Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe assessed the WPV status by Chinese version of WPV questionnaire. Binary logistic regression model was established to examine the associated factors of front-line/non-front-line HCWs experiencing WPV.ResultsThe total WPV prevalence equalled 37.25% for front-line HCWs and 27.73% for non-front-line HCWs. Among front-line HCWs, females were less likely to experience WPV (OR 0.837, 95% CI 0.710 to 0.988), while individuals who were undergraduate (OR 1.251, 95% CI 1.061 to 1.541) and had higher professional title (intermediate: OR 1.475, 95% CI 1.227 to 1.772; advanced: OR 1.693, 95% CI 1.294 to 2.216) were more likely to suffer from WPV; for non-front-line HCWs, individuals who aged over 50 years old (OR 0.721, 95% CI 0.563 to 0.969), had worked between 10 and 19 years (OR 0.847, 95% CI 0.749 to 0.958) and worked in the non-graded hospital (OR 0.714, 95% CI 0.614 to 0.832) had less chance to experience WPV, while individuals who had higher educational level (undergraduate: OR 1.323, 95% CI 1.179 to 1.484; ≥graduate: OR 1.519, 95% CI 1.217 to 1.895), were nurse (OR 1.142, 95% CI 1.031 to 1.265), and had higher professional title (intermediate: OR 1.458, 95% CI 1.297 to 638; advanced: OR 1.928, 95% CI 1.607 to 2.313) were more inclined to suffer from WPV (p all<0.05).ConclusionsThis study indicates that the prevalence of WPV among front-line HCWs is significantly higher than among non-front-line HCWs. Policy-makers should prioritise COVID-19 front-line HCWs, especially those with high educational levels and professional titles.

Project description:ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyse whether safety and security equipment decreased patient and visitor violence (PVV) towards nurses in the COVID-19 period and quantify to what extent safety and security equipment affects PVV.DesignControlled before and after study and difference-in-difference (DID) analysis.SettingA large hospital medical group, consisting of three public tertiary teaching hospitals, namely, Xinjiekou Branch, Huilongguan Branch and Xinlongze Branch of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, located in the west and north parts of Beijing, China.ParticipantsA panel of nine departments recruited using two-step sampling method, administered online surveys in 2021 and 2022. A total of 632 eligible nurses participated in the survey in 2021 and 725 eligible nurses in 2022.MeasuresWe assessed impacts of the safety and security equipment on the PVV. The policy had been enacted in June 2020, and the corresponding measures were established after mid-December 2020, and therefore, we use a DID design to evaluate changes in nurses' PVV incidence. Departments are classified as either department installed or non installed, and nurses are classified based on their department.ResultsWithin the treatment group, the incidence of physical PVV significantly decreased from 13.8% in 2020 to 2.0% in 2021. In the control group, the incidence of physical PVV increased from 0.6% in 2020 to 2.7% in 2021. The application of the safety and security equipment decreased the incidence of physical PVV by 13.93% (95% CI: -23.52% to -4.34%). In contrast, no difference was observed between the treatment and control groups for the incidence of psychological PVV (6.23%, 95% CI: -11.56% to 24.02%) and overall PVV (0.88, 95% CI: -20.90% to 22.66%).ConclusionThe safety and security equipment reduced the incidence of physical PVV towards nurses. For hospital managers in public hospitals, longer-term strategies roadmap for PVV prevention measures are needed to create a more supportive work environment in employees.

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Correlation between patient and visitor violence and workload among public healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study.

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