Regulation of barrier immunity and homeostasis by integrin-mediated transforming growth factor ? activation.

ABSTRACT: Transforming growth factor ? (TGF-?) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, migration and death dependent on cell type, developmental stage, or tissue conditions. Various cell types secrete TGF-?, but always as an inactive complex. Hence, for TGF-? to function, this latent complex must somehow be activated. Work in recent years has highlighted a critical role for members of the ?v integrin family, including ?v ?1 , ?v ?3 , ?v ?5 , ?v ?6 and ?v ?8 that are involved in TGF-? activation in various contexts, particularly at barrier sites such as the gut, lung and skin. The integrins facilitating this context- and location-specific regulation can be dysregulated in certain diseases, so are potential therapeutic targets in a number of disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of TGF-? at these barrier sites with a focus on how integrin-mediated TGF-? activation regulates tissue and immune homeostasis, and how this is altered in disease.

SUBMITTER: McEntee CP 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7218408 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature