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Association between Adherence to Guideline-Recommended Preventive Medications and In-Hospital Mortality among Non-Reperfused ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Academic Center in a Developing Country.

ABSTRACT: Background and aims:Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a potentially fatal presentation of coronary artery disease (CAD). Evidence of the impact of acute pharmacological interventions in non-reperfused STEMI patients on subsequent events is limited. We aimed to assess the association between adherence to guideline-recommended preventive medications and in-hospital mortality among this high-risk patient population. Methods:We conducted a cohort study using data obtained from the Jakarta Acute Coronary Syndrome (JAC) Registry database from a tertiary care academic hospital in Indonesia. We included 1132 of 2694 patients with STEMI recorded between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016 who did not undergo acute reperfusion therapy. Adherence to guideline-recommended preventive medications was defined as the combined administration of aspirin, clopidogrel, anticoagulants and statins after hospital admission. The main outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. Results:Overall, 778 of 1132 patients (69%) received the combination of preventive medications. The guideline non-adherent group had significantly more patients with earlier onset of STEMI, higher Killip class and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) score. After adjustments for measured characteristics using logistic regression modeling, exposure to the combination of preventive therapies was associated with a statistically significant lower risk for in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio: 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.30-0.70). Conclusions:Adherence to guideline-recommended preventive medications was associated with lower risk of in-hospital mortality in non-reperfused STEMI patients. The predictors of not receiving these medications need to be confirmed in future research.

SUBMITTER: Irawati S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7218801 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association between Adherence to Guideline-Recommended Preventive Medications and In-Hospital Mortality among Non-Reperfused ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Academic Center in a Developing Country.

Irawati Sylvi S Dharma Surya S Taxis Katja K Nguyen Thang T Nursyarofah Nunung N Wilffert Bob B Hak Eelko E

Global heart 20200206 1

<h4>Background and aims</h4>Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a potentially fatal presentation of coronary artery disease (CAD). Evidence of the impact of acute pharmacological interventions in non-reperfused STEMI patients on subsequent events is limited. We aimed to assess the association between adherence to guideline-recommended preventive medications and in-hospital mortality among this high-risk patient population.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a cohort study using data obt ...[more]

PMID: 32489781

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Project description:Objective To identify and descriptively compare medication recommendations among low back pain (LBP) clinical practice guidelines (CPG). Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, Index to Chiropractic Literature, AMED, CINAHL, and PEDro to identify CPGs that described the management of mechanical LBP in the prior five years. Two investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and potentially relevant full text were considered for eligibility. Four investigators independently applied the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument for critical appraisal. Data were extracted for pharmaceutical intervention, the strength of recommendation, and appropriateness for the duration of LBP. Results 316 citations were identified, 50 full-text articles were assessed, and nine guidelines with global representation met the eligibility criteria. These CPGs addressed pharmacological treatments with or without non-pharmacological treatments. All CPGS focused on the management of acute, chronic, or unspecified duration of LBP. The mean overall AGREE II score was 89.3% (SD 3.5%). The lowest domain mean score was for applicability, 80.4% (SD 5.2%), and the highest was Scope and Purpose, 94.0% (SD 2.4%). There were ten classifications of medications described in the included CPGs: acetaminophen, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, oral corticosteroids, skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs), and atypical opioids. Conclusions Nine CPGs, included ten medication classes for the management of LBP. NSAIDs were the most frequently recommended medication for the treatment of both acute and chronic LBP as a first line pharmacological therapy. Acetaminophen and SMRs were inconsistently recommended for acute LBP. Meanwhile, with less consensus among CPGs, acetaminophen and antidepressants were proposed as second-choice therapies for chronic LBP. There was significant heterogeneity of recommendations within many medication classes, although oral corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, and antibiotics were not recommended by any CPGs for acute or chronic LBP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12998-022-00435-3.

Project description:Current evidence regarding the effect of intravenous morphine administration on reperfusion injury and/or cardioprotection in patients with myocardial infarction is conflicting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of morphine administration, on infarct size and reperfusion injury assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in a large multicenter ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) population. In total, 734 STEMI patients reperfused by primary percutaneous coronary intervention <12 h after symptom onset underwent CMR imaging at eight centers for assessment of myocardial damage. Intravenous morphine administration was recorded in all patients. CMR was completed within one week after infarction using a standardized protocol. The clinical endpoint of the study was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within 12 months after infarction. Intravenous morphine was administered in 61.8% (n = 454) of all patients. There were no differences in infarct size (17%LV, interquartile range [IQR] 8-25%LV versus 16%LV, IQR 8-26%LV, p = 0.67) and microvascular obstruction (p = 0.92) in patients with versus without morphine administration. In the subgroup of patients with early reperfusion within 120 min and reduced flow of the infarcted vessel (TIMI-flow ?2 before PCI) morphine administration resulted in significantly smaller infarcts (12%LV, IQR 12-19 versus 19%LV, IQR 10-29, p = 0.035) and reduced microvascular obstruction (p = 0.003). Morphine administration had no effect on hard clinical endpoints (log-rank test p = 0.74) and was not an independent predictor of clinical outcome in Cox regression analysis. In our large multicenter CMR study, morphine administration did not have a negative effect on myocardial damage or clinical prognosis in acute reperfused STEMI. In patients, presenting early ( ?120 min) morphine may have a cardioprotective effect as reflected by smaller infarcts; but this finding has to be assessed in further well-designed clinical studies.

Project description:Background Invasive measures of microvascular resistance in the culprit coronary artery have potential for risk stratification in acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. We aimed to investigate the pathological and prognostic significance of coronary thermodilution waveforms using a diagnostic guidewire. Methods and Results Coronary thermodilution was measured at the end of percutaneous coronary intervention, (PCI) and contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was intended on day 2 and 6 months later to assess left ventricular (LV) function and pathology. All-cause death or first heart failure hospitalization was a pre-specified outcome (median follow-up duration 1469 days). Thermodilution recordings underwent core laboratory assessment. A total of 278 patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction EMI (72% male, 59±11 years) had coronary thermodilution measurements classified as narrow unimodal (n=143 [51%]), wide unimodal (n=100 [36%]), or bimodal (n=35 [13%]). Microvascular obstruction and myocardial hemorrhage were associated with the thermodilution waveform pattern ( P=0.007 and 0.011, respectively), and both pathologies were more prevalent in patients with a bimodal morphology. On multivariate analysis with baseline characteristics, thermodilution waveform status was a multivariable associate of microvascular obstruction (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=5.29 [1.73, 16.22];, P=0.004) and myocardial hemorrhage (3.45 [1.16, 10.26]; P=0.026), but the relationship was not significant when index of microvascular resistance (IMR) >40 or change in index of microvascular resistance (5 per unit) was included. However, a bimodal thermodilution waveform was independently associated with all-cause death and hospitalization for heart failure (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=2.70 [1.10, 6.63]; P=0.031), independent of index of microvascular resistance>40, ST-segment resolution, and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) Myocardial Perfusion Grade. Conclusions The thermodilution waveform in the culprit coronary artery is a biomarker of prognosis and may be useful for risk stratification immediately after reperfusion therapy.

Project description:BackgroundThe success of coronary reperfusion therapy in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) is commonly limited by failure to restore microvascular perfusion.Methods and resultsWe performed a prospective cohort study in patients with reperfused ST-segment-elevation MI who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance 2 days (n=286) and 6 months (n=228) post MI. A serial imaging time-course study was also performed (n=30 participants; 4 cardiac magnetic resonance scans): 4 to 12 hours, 2 days, 10 days, and 7 months post reperfusion. Myocardial hemorrhage was taken to represent a hypointense infarct core with a T2* value of <20 ms. Microvascular obstruction was assessed with late gadolinium enhancement. Adverse remodeling was defined as an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume ≥20% at 6 months. Cardiovascular death or heart failure events post discharge were assessed during follow-up. Two hundred forty-five patients had evaluable T2* data (mean±age, 58 [11] years; 76% men). Myocardial hemorrhage 2 days post MI was associated with clinical characteristics indicative of MI severity and inflammation. Myocardial hemorrhage was a multivariable associate of adverse remodeling (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.64 [1.07-6.49]; P=0.035). Ten (4%) patients had a cardiovascular cause of death or experienced a heart failure event post discharge, and myocardial hemorrhage, but not microvascular obstruction, was associated with this composite adverse outcome (hazard ratio, 5.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-27.74; P=0.025), including after adjustment for baseline left ventricular end-diastolic volume. In the serial imaging time-course study, myocardial hemorrhage occurred in 7 (23%), 13 (43%), 11 (33%), and 4 (13%) patients 4 to 12 hours, 2 days, 10 days, and 7 months post reperfusion. The amount of hemorrhage (median [interquartile range], 7.0 [4.9-7.5]; % left ventricular mass) peaked on day 2 (P<0.001), whereas microvascular obstruction decreased with time post reperfusion.ConclusionsMyocardial hemorrhage and microvascular obstruction follow distinct time courses post ST-segment-elevation MI. Myocardial hemorrhage was more closely associated with adverse outcomes than microvascular obstruction.Clinical trial registrationURL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02072850.

Project description:BackgroundOlder patients often receive less guideline-concordant care for heart failure than younger patients.ObjectiveTo determine whether age differences in heart failure care are explained by patient, provider, and health system characteristics and/or by chart-documented reasons for non-adherence to guidelines.Design and patientsRetrospective cohort study of 2,772 ambulatory veterans with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction <40% from a 2004 nationwide medical record review program (the VA External Peer Review Program).Main measuresAmbulatory use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and beta blockers.ResultsAmong 2,772 patients, mean age was 73 +/- 10 years, 87% received an ACE inhibitor or ARB, and 82% received a beta blocker. When patients with explicit chart-documented reasons for not receiving these drugs were excluded, 95% received an ACE inhibitor or ARB and 89% received a beta blocker. In multivariable analyses controlling for a variety of patient and health system characteristics, the adjusted odds ratio for ACE-inhibitor and ARB use was 0.43 (95% CI 0.24-0.78) for patients age 80 and over vs. those age 50-64 years, and the adjusted odds ratio for beta blocker use was 0.66 (95% CI 0.48-0.93) between the two age groups. The magnitude of these associations was similar but not statistically significant after excluding patients with chart-documented reasons for not prescribing ACE inhibitors or ARBs and beta blockers.ConclusionsA high proportion of veterans receive guideline-recommended medications for heart failure. Older veterans are consistently less likely to receive these drugs, although these differences were no longer significant when accounting for patients with chart-documented reasons for not prescribing these drugs. Closely evaluating reasons for non-prescribing in older adults is essential to assessing whether non-treatment represents good clinical judgment or missed opportunities to improve care.

Dataset Information

Association between Adherence to Guideline-Recommended Preventive Medications and In-Hospital Mortality among Non-Reperfused ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Academic Center in a Developing Country.

Publications

Association between Adherence to Guideline-Recommended Preventive Medications and In-Hospital Mortality among Non-Reperfused ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Academic Center in a Developing Country.

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