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Effects of triclosan on antioxidant- and apoptosis-related genes expression in the gill and ovary of zebrafish.

ABSTRACT: Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-fungal agent used in a broad variety of personal care products (PCPs) throughout the world. However, the molecular mechanism of TCS's effects on the gill and ovary of fish is not clear. In this study, the effects of TCS exposure on expression of antioxidant- and apoptosis-related genes were investigated in the gill and ovary of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were exposed to 0, 17, 34, or 68 µg/l TCS for 42 days. Antioxidant-related genes (SOD, GPx1a, CAT, sMT-B, and MT-2) in the gill were significantly downregulated in the 34 (except GPx1a) and 68 µg/l TCS groups, and these genes (except MT-2) in the ovary were significantly downregulated in the 68 µg/l TCS group. Apoptosis-related gene (Bax and p53) expression level in the gill were significantly downregulated in the 68 µg/l TCS group, while the ratios of BCL-2 to Bax and MDM2 gene were significantly upregulated. The Bax gene in the ovary was significantly upregulated in the 34 and 68 µg/l TCS groups, while the ratio of BCL-2 to Bax was significantly downregulated. Moreover, the p53 gene in the ovary in the 34 µg/l TCS group was significantly upregulated. In addition, the MDA contents in the gill in the 34 and 68 ?g/l TCS treated groups and in the ovary in 68 ?g/l group were significantly increased. The results showed that the higher dose of TCS might cause oxidative damage in the gills and ovaries and accelerate ROS-dependent ovary apoptosis in zebrafish.

SUBMITTER: Wang F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7220719 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of triclosan on antioxidant- and apoptosis-related genes expression in the gill and ovary of zebrafish.

Wang Fan F Zheng Fangfang F Liu Fei F

Experimental animals 20191213 2

Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-fungal agent used in a broad variety of personal care products (PCPs) throughout the world. However, the molecular mechanism of TCS's effects on the gill and ovary of fish is not clear. In this study, the effects of TCS exposure on expression of antioxidant- and apoptosis-related genes were investigated in the gill and ovary of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were exposed to 0, 17, 34, or 68 µg/l TCS for 42 days. Antioxidant-related g ...[more]

PMID: 31839624

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Project description:The hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus) is a new species of grouper crossed from giant grouper (E. lanceolatus) as the male parent and brown-marbled grouper (E. fuscoguttatus) as the female parent. We hypothesized that optimal levels of dietary protein may benefit liver function. High-lipid diets are energetic feeds that conserve protein and reduce costs, and are a hot topic in aquaculture today. Therefore, the objective of the research is to investigated the effects of dietary protein level in high-lipid diets on serum and liver biochemistry, liver histology, and liver immune and antioxidant indexes and gene mRNA expression of the juvenile hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus). Six iso-lipidic (161 g/kg) diets were formulated containing graded levels of protein (510 as control, 480,450, 420, 390 and 360 g/kg). Each treatment consisted of three replicates and 30 fish (6.70 ± 0.02 g) in one replicate. After an 8-week feeding experiment, the results indicated the following: (1) With the decreasing of dietary protein level, the specific growth rate (SGR) of groupers increased gradually and then decreased; SGRs of the 390 and 360 g/kg groups were significantly lower than other groups (p < 0.05). (2) In terms of serum and liver, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) content, and the activity of immune enzymes such as lysozyme (LYS) and immunoglobulin (IgM) was significantly increased under the appropriate protein level. (3) Based on liver histology, we know that high or low dietary protein levels cause liver damage. (4) Dietary protein levels can significantly affect the mRNA expression levels of an anti-inflammatory factor gene (tgfβ), pro-inflammatory factor genes (il6, il8), heat shock proteins, and antioxidant and immune genes (hsp70 and hsp90, gpx, nrf2, keap1). It is concluded that the appropriate protein level can promote the growth performance of groupers, improve antioxidant activity and immune enzyme activity in serum and liver, and enhance the expression of immune genes.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Freshwater fish absorb Ca2+ predominantly from ambient water, and more than 97% of Ca2+ uptake is achieved by active transport through gill mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells. In the current model for Ca2+ uptake in gill MR cells, Ca2+ passively enters the cytosol via the epithelium Ca2+ channel (ECaC), and then is extruded into the plasma through the basolateral Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA). However, no convincing molecular or cellular evidence has been available to support the role of specific PMCA and/or NCX isoforms in this model. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a good model for analyzing isoforms of a gene because of the plentiful genomic databases and expression sequence tag (EST) data. RESULTS: Using a strategy of BLAST from the zebrafish genome database (Sanger Institute), 6 isoforms of PMCAs (PMCA1a, PMCA1b, PMCA2, PMCA3a, PMCA3b, and PMCA4) and 7 isoforms of NCXs (NCX1a, NCX1b, NCX2a, NCX2b, NCX3, NCX4a, and NCX4b) were identified. In the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, 5 PMCAs and 2 NCXs were ubiquitously expressed in various tissues including gills. Triple fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry showed the colocalization of zecac, zpmca2, and zncx1b mRNAs in a portion of gill MR cells (using Na+-K+-ATPase as the marker), implying a subset of ionocytes specifically responsible for the transepithelial Ca2+ uptake in zebrafish gills. The gene expressions in gills of high- or low-Ca2+-acclimated zebrafish by quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that zecac was the only gene regulated in response to environmental Ca2+ levels, while zpmcas and zncxs remained steady. CONCLUSION: The present study provides molecular evidence for the specific isoforms of Ca2+ transporters, zECaC, zPMCA2, and zNCX1b, supporting the current Ca2+ uptake model, in which ECaC may play a role as the major regulatory target for this mechanism during environmental challenge.

Dataset Information

Effects of triclosan on antioxidant- and apoptosis-related genes expression in the gill and ovary of zebrafish.

Publications

Effects of triclosan on antioxidant- and apoptosis-related genes expression in the gill and ovary of zebrafish.

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