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Prostate cancer risk in patients with melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The risk of prostate cancer in melanoma patients has been frequently assessed. However, a comprehensive meta-analysis specifically examining this association is lacking. Our aim was to quantify the risk of prostate cancer in melanoma patients based on the available evidence. METHODS:A systematic review of the existing literature was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases by two authors independently. Studies reporting the effect size in the form of standardized incidence ratio (SIR) were used for quantitative analyses. RESULTS:Of 17 studies included in the review, a total of 15 studies with 282 592 male melanoma patients were used for the analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis found a 24% increased risk (SIR = 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.30) of prostate cancer in melanoma patients compared to the general population, with a prediction interval of 1.05 to 1.45. The risk was consistently significant for various geographical regions and latitude. Heterogeneity was significant (I2 = 75%). CONCLUSION:These results suggest that the incidence of prostate cancer is significantly higher in patients with melanoma compared to the general population.

SUBMITTER: Acharya P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7221441 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prostate cancer risk in patients with melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Acharya Prakash P Mathur Mahesh M

Cancer medicine 20200316 10

<h4>Background</h4>The risk of prostate cancer in melanoma patients has been frequently assessed. However, a comprehensive meta-analysis specifically examining this association is lacking. Our aim was to quantify the risk of prostate cancer in melanoma patients based on the available evidence.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic review of the existing literature was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases by two authors independently. Studies reporting the effect size in the form of standard ...[more]

PMID: 32175697

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between exposure to radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer and subsequent second malignancies (second primary cancers). DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES:Medline and Embase up to 6 April 2015 with no restrictions on year or language. STUDY SELECTION:Comparative studies assessing the risk of second malignancies in patients exposed or unexposed to radiotherapy in the course of treatment for prostate cancer were selected by two reviewers independently with any disagreement resolved by consensus. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS:Two reviewers independently extracted study characteristics and outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Outcomes were synthesized with random effects models and Mantel-Haenszel weighting. Unadjusted odds ratios and multivariable adjusted hazard ratios, when available, were pooled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Second cancers of the bladder, colorectal tract, rectum, lung, and hematologic system. RESULTS:Of 3056 references retrieved, 21 studies were selected for analysis. Most included studies were large multi-institutional reports but had moderate risk of bias. The most common type of radiotherapy was external beam; 13 studies used patients treated with surgery as controls and eight used patients who did not undergo radiotherapy as controls. The length of follow-up among studies varied. There was increased risk of cancers of the bladder (four studies; adjusted hazard ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.55 to 1.80), colorectum (three studies; 1.79, 1.34 to 2.38), and rectum (three studies; 1.79, 1.34 to 2.38), but not cancers of the hematologic system (one study; 1.64, 0.90 to 2.99) or lung (two studies; 1.45, 0.70 to 3.01), after radiotherapy compared with the risk in those unexposed to radiotherapy. The odds of a second cancer varied depending on type of radiotherapy: treatment with external beam radiotherapy was consistently associated with increased odds while brachytherapy was not. Among the patients who underwent radiotherapy, from individual studies, the highest absolute rates reported for bladder, colorectal, and rectal cancers were 3.8%, 4.2%, and 1.2%, respectively, while the lowest reported rates were 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.3%. CONCLUSION:Radiotherapy for prostate cancer was associated with higher risks of developing second malignancies of the bladder, colon, and rectum compared with patients unexposed to radiotherapy, but the reported absolute rates were low. Further studies with longer follow-up are required to confirm these findings.

Dataset Information

Prostate cancer risk in patients with melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Publications

Prostate cancer risk in patients with melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Similar Datasets

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