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Affective Outcomes of Membership in a Sport Fan Community.

ABSTRACT: In this mini-review, we shed light on the important, yet under researched topic area in sport management - understanding the role that emotion plays for members of sport fan communities. Much research has been done on the relationship between sport organization and fan; yet, far more needs to be discussed on how the sense of community fans feel lead to affective outcomes and consumption behaviors. With an understanding of the affective outcomes resulting from a connection between fans, sport organizations can use the knowledge to develop promotional procedures and nurture their fan community in an effort to grow their fan base and elevate consumption behavior. The aim of this mini-review is to (a) draw attention to the value of sport fan communities and (b) highlight areas in which sport organizations can build marketing strategies. As it is necessary for sport organizations to better understand the role emotion plays in the consumer behavior of their fans, more attention needs to be paid in understanding the affective benefits of membership in a sport fan community.

SUBMITTER: Mastromartino B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7225319 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Affective Outcomes of Membership in a Sport Fan Community.

Mastromartino Brandon B Zhang James J JJ

Frontiers in psychology 20200508

In this mini-review, we shed light on the important, yet under researched topic area in sport management - understanding the role that emotion plays for members of sport fan communities. Much research has been done on the relationship between sport organization and fan; yet, far more needs to be discussed on how the sense of community fans feel lead to affective outcomes and consumption behaviors. With an understanding of the affective outcomes resulting from a connection between fans, sport org ...[more]

PMID: 32457685

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Project description:BackgroundThere is growing awareness and clinical interest in athletes with affective symptoms after sport-related concussion (SRC), as these symptoms may contribute to overall symptoms and represent a modifiable risk factor of longer recovery. However, evidence of their effects on the entire return-to-play (RTP) trajectory, particularly among women and men, is limited.Purpose/hypothesisTo examine the relationship between affective symptom reporting and RTP progression after SRC among a cohort of Division 1 student-athletes. We hypothesized that those endorsing affective symptoms, specifically nervous-anxious symptoms, spend more time in RTP progression and recovery.Study designCohort study; Level of evidence, 3.MethodsUsing SRC data from the Ivy League-Big Ten Epidemiology of Concussion Study among varsity athletes through February 2020, we identified the 4 affective symptoms from the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool symptom inventory. We modeled the relationship between a 4-category affective symptom variable and time to symptom resolution, RTP, and RTP progression, adjusting for nonaffective symptom prevalence and concussion history. Cox regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios for time to event outcomes, and linear regressions were used to evaluate mean differences for continuous outcomes.ResultsAmong 2077 student-athletes (men, 63.5%) with SRC symptoms, affective symptom prevalence was 47.6% and 44.3% in women and men, respectively, and nervous-anxious prevalence was 24.2% and 22.5%, respectively. When comparing women with and without co-occurring affective symptoms, rates of symptom resolution and RTP were significantly lower in those with affective symptoms, and women with nervous-anxious symptoms spent significantly longer in RTP progression. When comparing men with and without co-occurring affective symptoms, rates of symptom resolution and RTP were significantly lower in those with co-occurring affective symptoms, and affective symptoms were not associated with time in RTP progression.ConclusionStudent-athletes with affective symptoms and nervous-anxious symptoms exhibited delayed clinical recovery and RTP timelines, particularly for time in RTP. Symptom prevalence and concussion history contributed to this; however, unmeasured confounding remains, as indicated by the poor model fit. This study motivates future work to explore affective symptoms and RTP timelines, considering anxiety and risk/protective factors over time.

Project description:ImportanceHospital engagement networks supported by the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Partnership for Patients program have reported significant reductions in hospital-acquired harm, but methodological limitations and lack of peer review have led to persistent questions about the effectiveness of this approach.ObjectiveTo evaluate associations between membership in Children's Hospitals' Solutions for Patient Safety (SPS), a federally funded hospital engagement network, and hospital-acquired harm using standardized definitions and secular trend adjustment.Design, setting, and participantsThis prospective hospital cohort study included 99 children's hospitals. Using interrupted time series analyses with staggered intervention introduction, immediate and postimplementation changes in hospital-acquired harm rates were analyzed, with adjustment for preexisting secular trends. Outcomes were further evaluated by early-adopting (n = 73) and late-adopting (n = 26) cohorts.ExposuresHospitals implemented harm prevention bundles, reported outcomes and bundle compliance using standard definitions to the network monthly, participated in learning events, and implemented a broad safety culture program. Hospitals received regular reports on their comparative performance.Main outcomes and measuresOutcomes for 8 hospital-acquired conditions were evaluated over 1 year before and 3 years after intervention.ResultsIn total, 99 hospitals met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. A total of 73 were considered part of the early-adopting cohort (joined between 2012-2013) and 26 were considered part of the late-adopting cohort (joined between 2014-2016). A total of 42 hospitals were freestanding children's hospitals, and 57 were children's hospitals within hospital or health systems. The implementation of SPS was associated with an improvement in hospital-acquired condition rates in 3 of the 8 conditions after accounting for secular trends. Membership in the SPS was associated with an immediate reduction in central catheter-associated bloodstream infections (coefficient = -0.152; 95% CI, -0.213 to -0.019) and falls of moderate or greater severity (coefficient = -0.331; 95% CI, -0.594 to -0.069). The implementation of the SPS was associated with a reduction in the monthly rate of adverse drug events (coefficient = -0.021; 95% CI, -0.034 to -0.008) in the post-SPS period. The study team observed larger decreases for the early-adopting cohort compared with the late-adopting cohort.Conclusions and relevanceThrough the application of rigorous methods (standard definitions and longitudinal time series analysis with adjustment for secular trends), this study provides a more thorough analysis of the association between the Partnership for Patients hospital engagement network model and reductions in hospital-acquired conditions. These findings strengthen previous claims of an association between this model and improvement. However, inconsistent observations across hospital-acquired conditions when adjusted for secular trends suggests that some caution regarding attributing all effects observed to this model is warranted.

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Affective Outcomes of Membership in a Sport Fan Community.

Publications

Affective Outcomes of Membership in a Sport Fan Community.

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