Dataset Information

Sixteen Percent Solar-to-Hydrogen Efficiency Using a Power-Matched Alkaline Electrolyzer and a High Concentrated Solar Cell: Effect of Operating Parameters.

ABSTRACT: The effect of electrode area, electrolyte concentration, temperature, and light intensity (up to 218 sun) on PV electrolysis of water is studied using a high concentrated triple-junction (3-J) photovoltaic cell (PV) connected directly to an alkaline membrane electrolyzer (EC). For a given current, the voltage requirement to run an electrolyzer increases with a decrease in electrode sizes (4.5, 2.0, 0.5, and 0.25 cm2) due to high current densities. The high current density operation leads to high Ohmic losses, most probably due to the concentration gradient and bubble formation. The EC operating parameters including the electrolyte concentration and temperature reduce the voltage requirement by improving the thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport properties of the overall electrolysis process. For a direct PV-EC coupling, the maximum power point of PV (P max) is matched using EC I-V (current-voltage) curves measured for different electrode sizes. A shift in the EC I-V curves toward open-circuit voltage (V oc) reduces the P op (operating power) to hydrogen efficiencies due to the increased voltage losses above the equilibrium water-splitting potential. The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiencies remained comparable (?16%) for all electrode sizes when the operating current (I op) was similar to the short-circuit current (I sc) irrespective of the operating voltage (V op), electrolyzer temperature, and electrolyte concentration.

SUBMITTER: M Bashir S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7227038 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sixteen Percent Solar-to-Hydrogen Efficiency Using a Power-Matched Alkaline Electrolyzer and a High Concentrated Solar Cell: Effect of Operating Parameters.

M Bashir Shahid S Nadeem Muhammad A MA Al-Oufi Maher M Al-Hakami Mohannad M Isimjan Tayirjan T TT Idriss Hicham H

ACS omega 20200428 18

The effect of electrode area, electrolyte concentration, temperature, and light intensity (up to 218 sun) on PV electrolysis of water is studied using a high concentrated triple-junction (3-J) photovoltaic cell (PV) connected directly to an alkaline membrane electrolyzer (EC). For a given current, the voltage requirement to run an electrolyzer increases with a decrease in electrode sizes (4.5, 2.0, 0.5, and 0.25 cm<sup>2</sup>) due to high current densities. The high current density operation le ...[more]

PMID: 32426608

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Project description:BACKGROUND:This paper examines the cost and benefits, both financial and environmental, of two leading forms of solar power generation, grid-tied photovoltaic cells and Dish Stirling Systems, using conventional carbon-based fuel as a benchmark. METHODS:First we define how these solar technologies will be implemented and why. Then we delineate a model city and its characteristics, which will be used to test the two methods of solar-powered electric distribution. Then we set the constraining assumptions for each technology, which serve as parameters for our calculations. Finally, we calculate the present value of the total cost of conventional energy needed to power our model city and use this as a benchmark when analyzing both solar models' benefits and costs. RESULTS:The preeminent form of distributed electricity generation, grid-tied photovoltaic cells under net-metering, allow individual homeowners a degree of electric self-sufficiency while often turning a profit. However, substantial subsidies are required to make the investment sensible. Meanwhile, large dish Stirling engine installations have a significantly higher potential rate of return, but face a number of pragmatic limitations. CONCLUSIONS:This paper concludes that both technologies are a sensible investment for consumers, but given that the dish Stirling consumer receives 6.37 dollars per watt while the home photovoltaic system consumer receives between 0.9 and 1.70 dollars per watt, the former appears to be a superior option. Despite the large investment, this paper deduces that it is far more feasible to get few strong investors to develop a solar farm of this magnitude, than to get 150,000 households to install photovoltaic arrays in their roofs. Potential implications of the solar farm construction include an environmental impact given the size of land require for this endeavour. However, the positive aspects, which include a large CO2 emission reduction aggregated over the lifespan of the farm, outweigh any minor concerns or potential externalities.

Dataset Information

Sixteen Percent Solar-to-Hydrogen Efficiency Using a Power-Matched Alkaline Electrolyzer and a High Concentrated Solar Cell: Effect of Operating Parameters.

Publications

Sixteen Percent Solar-to-Hydrogen Efficiency Using a Power-Matched Alkaline Electrolyzer and a High Concentrated Solar Cell: Effect of Operating Parameters.

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