Vaccine confidence: the keys to restoring trust.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Badur S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7227637 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectiveTo develop a Vaccine Confidence Index (VCI) that is capable of detecting variations in parental confidence towards childhood immunizations centered on trust and concern issues that impact vaccine confidence.MethodsWe used a web-based national poll of 893 parents of children <7 years in 2016 to assess the measures created for the Emory VCI (EVCI). EVCI measures were developed using constructs related to vaccine confidence identified by the U.S. National Vaccine Advisory Committee (i.e., "Information Environment", "Trust", "Healthcare Provider", "Attitudes and Beliefs", and "Social Norms"). Reliability for EVCI was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Using the variables related to each of the constructs, we calculated an overall EVCI score that was then assessed against self-reported childhood vaccine receipt using chi-square and the Cochrane-Armitage trend tests.ResultsRespondents' EVCI scores could range from 0 to 24, and the full range of values was observed in this sample (Mean = 17.5 (SD 4.8)). EVCI scores were significantly different (p ≤ 0.006 for all comparisons) between parents who indicated their child(ren) received routinely recommended vaccines compared with parents who indicated they had delayed or declined recommended immunizations. There was also a significant, consistent association between higher EVCI scores and greater reported vaccine receipt.ConclusionsWe developed EVCI to reliably measure parental vaccine confidence, with individuals' scores linked to parental vaccine-related attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. As such, EVCI may be a useful tool for future monitoring of both population and individual confidence in childhood immunization.
| S-EPMC6573024 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this paper, we tell the story of efforts currently underway, on diverse fronts, to build digital knowledge repositories ('knowledge-bases') to support research in the life sciences. If successful, knowledge bases will be part of a new knowledge infrastructure-capable of facilitating ever-more comprehensive, computational models of biological systems. Such an infrastructure would, however, represent a sea-change in the technological management and manipulation of complex data, inducing a generational shift in how questions are asked and answered and results published and circulated. Integrating such knowledge bases into the daily workflow of the lab thus destabilizes a number of well-established habits which biologists rely on to ensure the quality of the knowledge they produce, evaluate, communicate and exploit. As the story we tell here shows, such destabilization introduces a situation of unfamiliarity, one that carries with it epistemic risks. It should elicit-to use Niklas Luhmann's terms-the question of trust: a shared recognition that the reliability of research practices is being risked, but that such a risk is worth taking in view of what may be gained. And yet, the problem of trust is being unexpectedly silenced. How that silencing has come about, why it matters, and what might yet be done forms the heart of this paper.
| S-EPMC7426298 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study empirically evaluates the influence of medical information on patient trust at the physician level, the medical profession, hospitals, and with the payer. Restoring patient trust in a medical setting in Poland appears to be significantly affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient trust improves results from medical treatment, raises perception of healthcare performance, and smoothens the overall functionality of healthcare systems.MethodsIn order to study trust volatility, patients took part in a three-stage experiment designed via: (1) measured level of trust, (2) randomly dividing participants into two groups-control (i.e., re-examination of level of trust) and experimental (i.e., being exposed to a piece of certain manipulative information), and (3) checking whether observational changes were permanent.ResultsResults indicate that in the experimental group the increase of trust was noticed in the payer (27.7%, p < 0.001), hospitals (10.9%, p = 0.011), and physicians (decrease of 9.2%, p = 0.036).ConclusionThe study indicated that in Poland medical information is likely to influence patient trust in healthcare while interpersonal and social trust levels may be related to increases of trust in hospitals and in the payer versus decreases in physicians.
| S-EPMC8383260 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8193969 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A healthy democracy requires trust that people can be impartial in important truth-seeking institutions including journalism, justice, and science. Recently some U.S. elites have adopted alarmingly extreme rhetoric against truth-seekers, denouncing mainstream journalism as fake news, criminal investigations as partisan witch-hunts, climate science as a hoax, and career civil servants as a deep state conspiracy. In response, some news organizations have taken the unusual step of publishing op/eds defending these institutions. Two experiments tested effects of such op/eds. In study 1, participants spent twelve days using a purpose-built news portal containing real, timely news with random assignment to the availability of real, timely op/eds defending impartiality of truth-seekers. These op/eds increased trust in truth-seeking institutions and increased the belief that people can serve as impartial professionals. Study 2 replicated this with a laboratory experiment assigning video op/ed exposure instead of text op/ed availability while adding several outcomes.
| S-EPMC8139466 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To ascertain, through two separate surveys among nationally representative networks of pediatricians (Peds) and family physicians (FM): 1) physicians' reported level of confidence in pre- and post-licensure vaccine safety studies; and 2) changes in reported level of confidence from 2007 to 2010/11.Two surveys were conducted in August to October 2007 and in November 2010 to January 2011. The survey response rates were 81% (FM, 79%, Peds, 84%, p=0.07) for the 2007 survey (691/848) and 66% (FM, 61%, Peds, 70%, p=0.003) for the 2010/11 survey (532/811).One in three family physicians compared to one in ten pediatricians in both surveys reported little or no confidence in pre-licensure vaccine safety studies (p<0.001). Compared to pre-licensure studies, higher percentages of both specialties reported a great deal of confidence in post-licensure vaccine safety studies in both years, and more physicians from both specialties reported a great deal of confidence in 2010/11 than in 2007.While most family physicians and pediatricians report confidence in post-licensure vaccine safety studies, one third of family physicians report little or no confidence in pre-licensure studies. More research is needed to better understand the reasons behind some physicians' lack of confidence in vaccine safety studies.
| S-EPMC4610343 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Multiple studies have concluded that patients are more likely to understand and trust physicians who dress in more formal attire (shirt and tie) as opposed to casual attire (t-shirts and jeans). The white coat has repeatedly been reported as a major source of trust and confidence in a patient's eyes. Methods: This study explores the effect an orthopedic hand surgeon's attire has on a patient's perception of their surgeon's clinical values. All patients 18 years of age and older who visited our orthopedic hand surgeon's suburban outpatient practice were asked to participate in our survey-based study. Results: Ninety-seven surveys were completed and included. A majority of our responders are female (n = 59, 60.8%), Caucasian (n = 83, 85.6%) between the ages of 55 and 74 years (n = 40, 41.2%), currently employed (n = 59, 60.8%) with private health insurance (n = 69, 71.1%), and married (n = 64, 66.0%). Patients rated male and female hand surgeons wearing a white coat highest using the Likert scale and when asked about their perceived clinical qualities. Patients consistently poorly rated their surgeons wearing casual attire. Patients did note that the white coat, or any specific attire, was not necessary during the initial encounter to build a strong patient-surgeon relationship. Finally, goatees and beards do not positively or negatively impact a surgeon's patient-constructed image. Conclusions: Combining strong clinical skills with appropriate clinical attire highlighted by the physician wearing a white coat appears to be an effective way to enhance patient satisfaction while ultimately gaining the trust and respect needed to properly care for patients.
| S-EPMC6759972 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAssessing expecting mother's opinions prior to birth draws a comprehensive picture for the caregivers about their emotional state and their expectations. Some questionnaires to cover these aspects do exist. This study aims to present the psychometric properties of a new instrument, the Confidence and Trust in Delivery Questionnaire (CDTQ) a short but reliable a self-report instrument that focuses on confidence and trust as meaningful dimensions for expectant mothers.MethodsA pilot validation study of 221 women 6 weeks before childbirth was conducted in Germany between October 2007 and June 2008. To detect structural relations between the items, factor and reliability analyses were applied to the CTDQ items. Factor analysis was performed by means of principal components analysis and varimax rotation. Internal reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. External validation was performed using the sense of coherence (SOC) scale.ResultsThe CTDQ comprises of 11 items. We found a 4-factor structure. The internal consistency of the whole item pool (Cronbach's ? = 0.79) and the 4 subscales [confidence in labor (? = 0.82); partner's support (? = 0.62); trust in medical competency (? = 0.68); being informed (? = 0.60)] can be regarded as sufficient or even excellent. The 4 factors explained 69.6% of total variance. Except for a high intercorrelation (0.70) between "partner's support" and "trust in medical competence", the subscales show low intercorrelations, indicating an adequate independence of the respective subscales. Regarding the external validity we found minor respective moderate correlations with the SOC scale.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the CTDQ is a useful instrument to assess confidence and trust in delivery. With 4 clinically relevant dimensions, the CTDQ is now open for further studies in the field of labor.
| S-EPMC3484078 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The main goal of this paper is to study the effects of (1) trust in government medical experts and (2) proximity to a recent disease outbreak on vaccine propensity. More specifically, we explore how these variables affect attitudes with regards to measles. Using original survey data, collected in January/February 2017, we obtain three main empirical findings. First, contrary to our expectations, an individual's proximity to a recent measles outbreak has no independent effect on vaccination attitudes. Second, corroborating previous studies in the field, we find that trust in institutions such as the CDC has a positive effect on our dependent variable. Third, there is a significant interactive relationship between proximity and trust in governmental medical experts. While distance from a previous measles outbreak has no effect on vaccination attitudes for respondents with medium or high levels of trust, the variable exerts a negative effect for subjects with little confidence in government medical experts. In other words: low-trust individuals who live farther away from a recent measles outbreak harbor less favorable views about vaccination for this particular disease than low-trust respondents who live close to an affected area. This implies that citizens who are skeptical of the CDC and similar institutions base their vaccination decision-making to some degree on whether or not a given disease occurs in close vicinity to their community.
| S-EPMC6713324 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:China's achievements in immunization are being threatened by a vaccine crisis. This paper aims to investigate vaccine confidence in China after the Changsheng vaccine incident and attempts to identify the factors contributing to it. METHODS:An online cross-sectional investigation was conducted from 1 to 25 September 2018. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were performed to examine the associations between socio-demographic factors, cognition and attitudes towards the Changsheng vaccine incident and vaccine confidence. RESULTS:We included 1115 respondents in the final analysis, and found that approximately 70% (783) of the respondents did not have vaccine confidence. More than half of the respondents (54.53%) were dissatisfied with the government's response measures to the Changsheng vaccine incident. The logistic regression model indicated that vaccine confidence was positively associated with the degree of satisfaction with the government's response measures (OR?=?1.621, 95% CI?=?1.215-2.163), attitudes towards the risks and benefits of vaccination (OR?=?1.501, 95% CI?=?1.119-2.013), concerns about vaccine safety (OR?=?0.480, 95% CI?=?0.317-0.726), and vaccine efficacy (OR?=?0.594, 95% CI?=?0.394-0.895). CONCLUSIONS:A majority of the respondents held negative attitudes towards vaccines after the Changsheng vaccine incident. A coordinated effort is required to restore public confidence in vaccines, especially in China, where a nationwide mandatory immunization policy is implemented. To end dissent towards inoculation, a series of actions is crucial and multiple parties should work together to advance efforts and explore the possibility of establishing an open and transparent regulatory system.
| S-EPMC6880575 | biostudies-literature