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A doubt of multiple introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy: A preliminary overview.

ABSTRACT: The emergence of the novel betacoronavirus, recently renamed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised serious concerns due to the virus's rapid dissemination worldwide. Nevertheless, there is limited information about the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in Italy from surveillance studies. The shortage of complete genomic sequences available impairs our understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 introduction and establishment in the country. To better understand its dynamics in Italy, we analyzed complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 isolates, obtained directly from clinical samples. Our phylogenetic reconstructions suggest possible multiple introduction of SARS-CoV-2. Continued genomic surveillance strategies are needed to improve monitoring and understanding of the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemics, which might help to attenuate public health impact of infectious diseases.

SUBMITTER: Giovanetti M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7228217 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A doubt of multiple introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy: A preliminary overview.

Giovanetti Marta M Angeletti Silvia S Benvenuto Domenico D Ciccozzi Massimo M

Journal of medical virology 20200327 9

The emergence of the novel betacoronavirus, recently renamed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised serious concerns due to the virus's rapid dissemination worldwide. Nevertheless, there is limited information about the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in Italy from surveillance studies. The shortage of complete genomic sequences available impairs our understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 introduction and establishment in the country. To better underst ...[more]

PMID: 32190908

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Project description:COVID-19's impact on the ocular surface has already been recognized, however the molecular mechanisms induced by the infection on the ocular surface are still unclear. The aim of this paper is to provide a first overview of the transcriptional perturbations caused by SARS-CoV-2 on the ocular surface by analyzing gene expression profile of corneoscleral ring samples from post-mortem SARS-CoV-2 positive donors (PD). The presence of SARS-CoV-2 on the ocular surface, in tears and corneal tissues has rarely been detected in infected individuals in both the presence and the absence of ocular manifestations. In this preliminary study, 6 human corneoscleral tissues of 3 PD and two tissues from a negative donor (CTRL) were obtained at the local eye bank. The presence of genomic and sub-genomic SARS-CoV-2 RNAs was assessed by qRT-PCR, while transcriptome analysis (RNA-sequencing) was performed by Illumina. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), search for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Gene Ontology (GO)-enrichment analysis were performed. Three samples from PD were found positive for SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA, although the absence of sub-genomic RNAs indicated an inactive virus. PCA analysis grouped 3 different clusters, one including CTRL, and the other two including, respectively, PD with undetected SARS-CoV-2 (PD-SARS-neg) and PD with detected SARS-CoV-2 (PD-SARS-pos). The DEGs in common with the 2 PD clusters included several genes associable to the interferon pathway, such as ADAMTS4, RSAD2, MMP1, IL6, ISG15 and proinflammatory cytokines. Among the down-regulated genes we found AQP5. GO analysis revealed 77 GO terms over-represented in PD-SARS-neg vs. CTRL, and 17 GO terms in PD-SARS-pos vs. CTRL. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and RNA-sequencing reads in ocular surface tissues supports the possibility that the eye acts as an entry route. The modulation of early responsive genes, together with several ISGs suggests a potential protective responsiveness of the ocular tissues to SARS-CoV-2.

Dataset Information

A doubt of multiple introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy: A preliminary overview.

Publications

A doubt of multiple introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy: A preliminary overview.

Similar Datasets

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