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Reliability and Validity of Scales for Assessing Child Dental Fear and Anxiety.

ABSTRACT: Introduction:Children with high dental anxiety display uncooperative behavior during dental procedures. Different self-assessment questionnaires are in use to estimate the prevalence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in children but they need to be tested for reliability and validity in different populations. Objectives:The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of two scales for the assessment of child dental fear and anxiety in a sample of Croatian children. Material and Methods:The sample comprised 202 pairs consisting of children and their mothers (97 boys and 105 girls) aged 5 - 12 years. Two scales were used to assess children's DFA: the Children's Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale - face version (MCDAS-f). The Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was used in the sample of children's mothers. The average scores of cooperative children and children with behavior management problem (BMP) were compared. Results:Cooperative children displayed significantly lower CFSS-DS scores than children with BMP (M = 28. 46 vs. M = 39. 36; P < 0.001). The average MCDAS-f score was significantly higher in children with BMP than in cooperative children (M = 28. 07 vs. 20. 01; P < 0.001). The CFSS-DS showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's ? = 0. 90), while internal consistency of MCDAS-f was good (? = 0. 73). The maternal CDAS showed good internal consistency (? = 0, 89). The correlations with other self-report measurements of DFS show good validity of all scales. The correlations between CFSS-DS and MCDAS-f were highly significant (r = 0.482; P < 0. 01) as well as the correlations of CFSS-DS and MCDAS-f with CDAS scores (r = 0.223; P < 0. 01 and r = 0.198; P < 0. 01, respectively. Conclusion:The obtained results suggest that both the CFSS-DS scale and the MCDAS-f scale are reliable and valid scales for measuring dental fear and anxiety in children in a sample of Croatian children. The MCDAS-f scale has shown slightly lower internal consistency but it is suitable for use in young children. In addition, the MCDAS-f scale is simple to administer.

SUBMITTER: Leko J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7233127 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reliability and Validity of Scales for Assessing Child Dental Fear and Anxiety.

Leko Jasna J Škrinjarić Tomislav T Goršeta Kristina K

Acta stomatologica Croatica 20200301 1

<h4>Introduction</h4>Children with high dental anxiety display uncooperative behavior during dental procedures. Different self-assessment questionnaires are in use to estimate the prevalence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in children but they need to be tested for reliability and validity in different populations.<h4>Objectives</h4>The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of two scales for the assessment of child dental fear and anxiety in a sample of Croatian children.<h ...[more]

PMID: 32523154

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Project description:INTRODUCTION:Activity restriction due to fear of falling is a common problem after a stroke. It can lead to deteriorated physical condition, restricted social participation and deprived quality of life. The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) was developed to assess these difficulties, and its utility has been demonstrated among the older adults and older people with Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to expand those demonstrations to community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors using a Chinese translation of the instrument. METHODS:One hundred and eight elderly individuals with a history of stroke completed the Chinese version of the SAFE (SAFE-C). The internal consistency of their responses was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Twenty of the same subjects were reassessed after a 1-week interval to assess the instrument's test-retest reliability. Structure validity was examined by exploratory factor analysis. Pearson correlation was used to establish the instrument's convergent validity with respect to the results from the Chinese version of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC-C) and the Chinese version of the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale (IADL-C). RESULTS:The items of the SAFE-C demonstrated excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach's alphas of 0.90. The SAFE-C also had excellent test-retest reliability with an overall intra-class correlaton coefficient of 0.91. A 1-factor structure termed "fear avoidance circumstances" was identified and it was shown to be consistent with the original measure developed among community-living older people. The correlations between the SAFE-C and the ABC-C (r = -0.68) and the IADL-C (r = -0.57) confirmed the convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS:Fear avoidance behavior is a homogeneous construct applicable to people with stroke-specific impairments alike. The SAFE-C is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the level of fear avoidance behavior among community-dwelling stroke survivors. Stroke survivors with good functional mobility revealed a low level of fear and avoidance as measured by the SAFE-C.

Project description:BackgroundDental fear (DF) is a challenging problem in dentistry. It is multifactorial in origin and many contributing factors have been identified. The aim of the study was to assess dental fear among 12-15 years old Arabic speaking children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and its relation to demographic variables, previous dental experience, and child behaviour.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 1522 boys and girls from middle schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia participated in this study during the period of 2014 to 2016. The Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) was used to assess DF. A parental questionnaire was used to record the children's previous dental experience. Children were examined for caries and the children's behaviour was assessed during dental examination using Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale. The associations between different variables and the CFSS-DS scores were analysed using t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe response rate of the questionnaires was 78.6%. The mean CFSS-DS score was 25.99?±?9.3 out of a maximum of 75. Bivariate analysis showed that younger children, girls, and public-school students were significantly more fearful than older children, boys, and private school children, respectively (P?<?0.001). Children who showed poor behaviour during dental examination were significantly more fearful than those with good behaviour (P?<?0.001). Regression analysis showed that children who had significantly higher scores of dental fear were the children who did not visit the dentist in the past year due to dental fear; who never visited the dentist or those who only visited the dentist on pain; who were reported by parents as crying, screaming, or resistant during their previous dental visit; and those who were described to be in pain during previous dental treatment. Dental caries showed no significant association with DF.ConclusionsThis study confirms that DF is low among 12-15 years old Arabic speaking children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. DF is associated with age, gender, school type, irregular patterns of dental visits, painful experiences during previous dental visits and negative behaviours during dental examinations.

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Reliability and Validity of Scales for Assessing Child Dental Fear and Anxiety.

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Reliability and Validity of Scales for Assessing Child Dental Fear and Anxiety.

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