Strength Improvements of Different 10-Week Multicomponent Exercise Programs in Elderly Women.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Gonzalez-Rave JM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7235353 | biostudies-literature | 2020
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Strength Improvements of Different 10-Week Multicomponent Exercise Programs in Elderly Women.
González-Ravé José María JM Cuéllar-Cañadilla Rubén R García-Pastor Teresa T Juárez Santos-García Daniel D
Frontiers in public health 20200512
The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of various muscle strength sessions performed during 10 weeks physical conditioning programs and 4 weeks of detraining on the physical conditioning, body composition and hematology of elderly women. 48 women were randomly distributed in four groups: a physical conditioning group (PCG; <i>n</i> = 12) with two sessions per week; a PCG with an extra-session focus on hypertrophy (PCGH; <i>n</i> = 12), a PCG with an extra-session in a s ...[more]
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Project description:Aerobic exercise improves cognitive function and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the effects of aerobic exercise combined with strength exercise on cognitive function and adult hippocampal neurogenesis are still unknown. In this study, we established exercise paradigms in rats to mimic aerobic exercise combined with low- and high-intensity strength exercise. We found that aerobic exercise improved spatial learning and memory as well as adult hippocampal neurogenesis, whereas strength exercise suppressed aerobic exercise-induced cognitive improvements and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in an intensity-dependent manner. Furthermore, the levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) and its downstream effector brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were increased in the aerobic exercise group, and strength exercise impaired the aerobic exercise-induced increases in β-HB and BDNF mRNA levels. Taken together, these results demonstrated that strength exercise weakened aerobic exercise-induced cognitive improvements and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rats.
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Project description:Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effects of multicomponent and strength training programs on dynamic balance, functional capacity, and gait ability in older women. Methods Thirty individuals (67?±?4.3 years; 30.6?±?3.9?kg/m2) were trained for 12 weeks (3 times per week), following multicomponent (MG: exercises focusing on agility, balance, muscle strength, and aerobic) and strength programs (SG: lower limbs strength exercise). Results Peak torque of hip flexors (p=0.020) and extensors (p=0.009) and knee flexors (p=0.001) of SG was greater than that of MG at posttraining. In addition, both groups increased peak torque of knee extensors (p=0.002) and plantar extensors with higher effect size for SG (d?=??0.41 and ?0.48), whereas MG presented higher effect size for plantar flexors muscles (d?=??0.55). Only the SG improved the rate of torque development of knee extensors (29%; p=0.002), and this variable was also greater to SG than MG at posttraining (106%). The SG and MG improved dynamic balance although SG presented higher effect size (d?=?0.61). Both groups improved the performance on 30 s sit to stand test (p=0.010) with higher effect size for MG (d?=??0.54). Only the MG improved the stride length (4%; p=0.011) and gait speed (10%; p=0.024). In addition, the groups improved toe clearance (p=0.035) and heel contact (p=0.010) with higher effect sizes for MG (d?=??0.066 and 1.07). Conclusion Strength training should be considered to increase muscle function and dynamic balance in older women, whereas multicomponent training should be considered to increase functional capacity and gait ability in this population.
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Project description:Background and purposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of multicomponent exercise on cognitive function, depression, and quality of life in elderly individuals.MethodsThis study prospectively recruited 605 participants, and constructed an exercise pyramid comprising even distributions of daily physical activities, aerobic exercise, muscle-strengthening exercise, flexibility exercise, balance exercise, and activities that subjects could perform while sitting down. The exercise program was divided into six stages according to the participant's level of frailty. The 12-week exercise program intervention was conducted once yearly.ResultsThe exercise regimen was followed by 402 of the 605 enrolled participants, giving a dropout rate of 33.6%. The 27-month exercise program was completed by 60 participants. The scores for the Mini Mental State Examination for dementia screening (MMSE-DS), short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), fear of falling, handgrip strength, and walking speed were improved after the exercise intervention. The analysis of frailty revealed that participants in the frail group showed greater improvements for the MMSE-DS, WHOQOL-BREF, IPAQ, fear of falling, handgrip strength, and walking speed.ConclusionsIndividually customized, multicomponent exercise programs lead to improved levels of cognitive function, depression, and quality of life, especially among those who are more frail.
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Project description:BackgroundRecent studies have shown high prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia associated with frailty- and age-related muscle weakness. Strength training exercises have been advocated for locomotive health maintenance in the elderly and have shown positive outcomes. As muscles involved in oropharyngeal phase of swallowing are also comprised of striated muscles, the aim of this study was to determine biomechanical effect of a novel resistance exercise program, Swallowing Against Laryngeal Restriction (SALR), on pharyngeal phase swallowing in the healthy elderly.MethodsA total of 28 volunteers (75 + 7 years; 17 females) with no complaint of dysphagia were studied using video fluoroscopy before and after 6 weeks of the swallow strength training exercise. Eighteen of these volunteers also underwent high-resolution pharyngeal manometry non-concurrent with fluoroscopy. Ten additional volunteers (81 + 6 years; 9 females) were studied by videofluoroscopy before and after 6 weeks of a sham exercise.Key resultsSwallow resistance exercise but not the sham exercise resulted in a significant increase in maximum upper esophageal sphincter opening (P < .01), superior and anterior laryngeal excursion (P < .01) as well as posterior pharyngeal wall thickness (P < .01). Resistance exercise but not sham exercise also resulted in a significant increase in deglutitive pharyngeal contractile integral (P < .01).Conclusions & inferencesStrength training of muscles involved in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing using the swallowing against laryngeal restriction technique is feasible and significantly improves key physiologic features of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. These findings provide the basis for consideration of developing an exercise-based swallow health maintenance program for the elderly swallow health maintenance program for the elderly.
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Project description:Considering the growth of the aging population, and the increasing risk for falls and related morbidity, it is vital to seek efficient, comprehensive, and culturally relevant prevention programs for elderly people to reduce risks for falls. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the postural balance and muscle strength among women participating in the "Wing of Baianas" in the carnival parades. One hundred and ten women, with an average age of 67.4±5.9 years, were divided into two groups: Baianas group-elderly participants of the carnival parades in the "Wing of Baianas", and a Control group of women who do not dance samba. Assessments included a physical activity questionnaire, isokinetic muscle strength testing for the knee extensors and flexors, and a postural balance assessment completed on a force platform. There were no differences between groups, for postural balance outcomes, during the eyes open condition; however, with eyes closed, there was a significant effect between groups (Baianas vs Control) in all variables. The Baianas group showed less medio-lateral displacement (p < 0.04); and anteroposterior displacement (p < 0.007); larger amplitudes of medio-lateral displacement (p < 0.001); and anteroposterior displacement (p < 0.001); increased mean velocity (p < 0.01); and elliptical area (p < 0.01) There were no differences in the isokinetic peak torque corrected by body weight, total work and flexor/extensor ratio. Participation in the Wing of Baianas is associated with better balance with closed eyes, but there were no differences between dancers and non-dancers for muscle strength.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Developing alternative exercise programmes that can alleviate certain barriers to exercise such as psychological, environmental or socio-economical barriers, but provide similar physiological benefits e.g. increases in muscle mass and strength, is of grave importance. This pilot study aimed to assess the efficacy of an unsupervised, 4-week, whole-body home-based exercise training (HBET) programme, incorporated into daily living activities, on skeletal muscle mass, power and strength. METHODS:Twelve healthy older volunteers (63±3 years, 7 men: 5 women, BMI: 29±1 kg/m²) carried out the 4-week "lifestyle-integrated" HBET of 8 exercises, 3x12 repetitions each, every day. Before and after HBET, a number of physical function tests were carried out: unilateral leg extension 1-RM (one- repetition maximum), MVC (maximal voluntary contraction) leg extension, lower leg muscle power (via Nottingham Power Rig), handgrip strength and SPPBT (short physical performance battery test). A D 3-Creatine method was used for assessment of whole-body skeletal muscle mass, and ultrasound was used to measure the quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) and vastus lateralis muscle thickness. RESULTS:Four weeks HBET elicited significant (p<0.05) improvements in leg muscle power (276.7±38.5 vs. 323.4±43.4 W), maximal voluntary contraction (60°: 154.2±18.4 vs. 168.8±15.2 Nm, 90°: 152.1±10.5 vs. 159.1±11.4 Nm) and quadriceps CSA (57.5±5.4 vs. 59.0±5.3 cm 2), with a trend for an increase in leg strength (1-RM: 45.7±5.9 vs. 49.6±6.0 kg, P=0.08). This was despite there being no significant differences in whole-body skeletal muscle mass, as assessed via D 3-Creatine. CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that increases in multiple aspects of muscle function can be achieved in older adults with just 4-weeks of "lifestyle-integrated" HBET, with a cost-effective means. This training mode may prove to be a beneficial alternative for maintaining and/or improving muscle mass and function in older adults.
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