Phylogeny and morphology of new species of Globisporangium.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Uzuhashi S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7235979 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Habenaria is almost cosmopolitan in distribution having predominantly terrestrial orchids, however; a remarkable epiphytic species with some unique morphological characters was collected from Nepal. We conducted a molecular phylogeny of this unusual Habenaria species using nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (matK, rbcl) DNA sequence regions to infer its systematic position. Our molecular analyses and morphological treatment recognized this newly collected plant as an undescribed species. This species is described here which is closely related to Habenaria plurifoliata but can be distinguished by having its multiple growing callus-shaped tuber, smaller stature with short stem, longer and wider oblanceolate leaves, peduncle with a foliaceous bract and only one sterile bract, lateral sepals oblong, obtuse, petal apex obtuse, lateral lobes of lip spreading upwards, spur not exceeding the ovary and pedicel.
| S-EPMC6808328 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Many anaerobic ciliated protozoa contain organelles of mitochondrial ancestry called hydrogenosomes. These organelles generate molecular hydrogen that is consumed by methanogenic Archaea, living in endosymbiosis within many of these ciliates. Here we describe a new species of anaerobic ciliate, Trimyema finlayi n. sp., by using silver impregnation and microscopy to conduct a detailed morphometric analysis. Comparisons with previously published morphological data for this species, as well as the closely related species, Trimyema compressum, demonstrated that despite them being similar, both the mean cell size and the mean number of somatic kineties are lower for T. finlayi than for T. compressum, which suggests that they are distinct species. This was also supported by analysis of the 18S rRNA genes from these ciliates, the sequences of which are 97.5% identical (6 substitutions, 1479 compared bases), and in phylogenetic analyses these sequences grouped with other 18S rRNA genes sequenced from previous isolates of the same respective species. Together these data provide strong evidence that T. finlayi is a novel species of Trimyema, within the class Plagiopylea. Various microscopic techniques demonstrated that T. finlayi n. sp. contains polymorphic endosymbiotic methanogens, and analysis of the endosymbionts' 16S rRNA gene showed that they belong to the genus Methanocorpusculum, which was confirmed using fluorescence in situ hybridization with specific probes. Despite the degree of similarity and close relationship between these ciliates, T. compressum contains endosymbiotic methanogens from a different genus, Methanobrevibacter. In phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA genes, the Methanocorpusculum endosymbiont of T. finlayi n. sp. grouped with sequences from Methanomicrobia, including the endosymbiont of an earlier isolate of the same species, 'Trimyema sp.,' which was sampled approximately 22 years earlier, at a distant (?400 km) geographical location. Identification of the same endosymbiont species in the two separate isolates of T. finlayi n. sp. provides evidence for spatial and temporal stability of the Methanocorpusculum-T. finlayi n. sp. endosymbiosis. T. finlayi n. sp. and T. compressum provide an example of two closely related anaerobic ciliates that have endosymbionts from different methanogen genera, suggesting that the endosymbionts have not co-speciated with their hosts.
| S-EPMC5826066 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Thailand is known to be a part of what is called the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, hosting a vast array of organisms across its diverse ecosystems. This is reflected by the increasing number of new species described over time, especially fungi. However, a very few fungal species from the specialized spider-parasitic genus Gibellula have ever been reported from this region. A survey of invertebrate-pathogenic fungi in Thailand over several decades has led to the discovery of a number of fungal specimens with affinities to this genus. Integration of morphological traits into multi-locus phylogenetic analysis uncovered four new species: G. cebrennini, G. fusiformispora, G. pigmentosinum, and G. scorpioides. All these appear to be exclusively linked with torrubiella-like sexual morphs with the presence of granulomanus-like asexual morph in G. pigmentosinum and G. cebrennini. A remarkably high host specificity of these new species towards their spider hosts was revealed, and for the first time, evidence is presented for manipulation of host behavior in G. scorpioides.
| S-EPMC7481265 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Delimiting species boundaries and reconstructing the evolutionary relationships of late Tertiary and Quaternary species radiations is difficult. One recent approach emphasizes the use of genome-wide molecular markers, such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), to identify distinct metapopulation lineages as taxonomic species. Here we investigate the properties of AFLP data, and the usefulness of tree-based and non-tree-based clustering methods to delimit species and reconstruct evolutionary relationships among high-elevation Ourisia species (Plantaginaceae) in the New Zealand archipelago. RESULTS: New Zealand Ourisia are shown to comprise a geologically recent species radiation based on molecular dating analyses of ITS sequences (0.4-1.3 MY). Supernetwork analyses indicate that separate tree-based clustering analyses of four independent AFLP primer combinations and 193 individuals of Ourisia produced similar trees. When combined and analysed using tree building methods, 15 distinct metapopulations could be identified. These clusters corresponded very closely to species and subspecies identified on the basis of diagnostic morphological characters. In contrast, Structure and PCO-MC analyses of the same data identified a maximum of 12 and 8 metapopulations, respectively. All approaches resolved a large-leaved group and a small-leaved group, as well as a lineage of three alpine species within the small-leaved group. We were unable to further resolve relationships within these groups as corrected and uncorrected distances derived from AFLP profiles had limited tree-like properties. CONCLUSION: Ourisia radiated into a range of alpine and subalpine habitats in New Zealand during the Pleistocene, resulting in 13 morphologically and ecologically distinct species, including one reinstated from subspecies rank. Analyses of AFLP identified distinct metapopulations consistent with morphological characters allowing species boundaries to be delimited in Ourisia. Importantly, Structure analyses suggest some degree of admixture with most species, which may also explain why the AFLP data do not exhibit sufficient tree-like properties necessary for reconstructing some species relationships. We discuss this feature and highlight the importance of improving models for phylogenetic analyses of species radiations using AFLP and SNP data.
| S-EPMC2700801 | biostudies-other
Project description:Two new species of Lasiodiplodia (Lasiodiplodia endophytica and Lasiodiplodia magnoliae) are described and illustrated from Magnolia forests in Yunnan, China. Endophytic and saprobic Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae and endophytic L. thailandica are new records from this host. The internal transcribed spacers (ITS), part of the translation elongation factor-1? (tef1) and partial ?-tubulin (tub2) sequence data were analyzed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the new species with other Lasiodiplodia species. Lasiodiplodia magnoliae is phylogenetically sister to L. mahajangana and L. pandanicola but morphologically distinct from L. mahajangana in having larger conidia. Lasiodiplodia endophytica is most closely related to L. iraniensis and L. thailandica and the three species can be distinguished from one another by 2 base pair differences in ITS and three or four base pair differences in tef1. The new collections suggest that Magnolia forest plants are good hosts for Lasiodiplodia species with endophytic and saprobic life-styles.
| S-EPMC6778208 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A new Talaromyces species, T.amyrossmaniae, isolated from decaying fruit and litter of Terminalia bellerica, is described and illustrated. On the natural substrate, the new species produces determinate synnemata, with a well-defined, vivid orange red to orange red cylindrical stipe, and a greyish green capitulum. Conidiophores are typically biverticillate, or sometimes have subterminal branches, with acerose phialides that produce globose to subglobose, smooth to slightly roughened conidia. Multigene phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), and partial sequences of β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and DNA directed RNA polymerase second large subunit (RPB2) genes, along with morphological characterization, revealed that these isolates are distinct and form a unique lineage of Talaromyces in section Trachyspermi, closely allied to T.aerius, T.albobiverticillius, T.heiheensis, T.erythromellis, and T.solicola. The new species T.amyrossmaniae is the first species in section Trachyspermi with determinate synnemata.
| S-EPMC6361871 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The genus Cantharellus, commonly known as chanterelles, has recently been divided into six subgenera; however, wider sampling approaches are needed to clarify the relationships within and between these groups. A phylogenetic overview of Cantharellus subgenus Parvocantharellus in China was inferred based on the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2), and the transcription elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1). A total of nine species from China were assigned to the subgenus, including seven novel species, namely Cantharellusaurantinus, C. austrosinensis, C. galbanus, C. luteolus, C. luteovirens, C. minioalbus, and C. sinominior, and two known species, namely C. albus and C. zangii. The detailed descriptions and illustrations were provided based on the newly obtained data, with the comparisons to closely related species. C. zangii was restudied based on the paratype specimens and multiple new collections from the type locality. Futhermore, the Indian species C. sikkimensis was identified as a synonym of C. zangii based on the morphological and molecular analyses. A key to the Chinese species belonging to the subg. Parvocantharellus is also provided.
| S-EPMC8623453 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Coryneum is currently the sole genus of Coryneaceae in Diaporthales, distinguished from other diaporthalean genera by transversely distoseptate brown conidia. However, Coryneum species are presently difficult to identify because of variability and overlap of morphological characters and the lack of sequence data for most described species. During fungal collection trips in China, 13 Coryneum isolates were obtained from cankered branches of Ilex and Quercus. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, TEF1-α and RPB2) revealed that these strains belong to two new species (viz. Coryneumilicis sp. nov. and C.songshanense sp. nov.), and three known species, C.gigasporum, C.sinense, and C.suttonii. Coryneumilicis has larger conidia and more distosepta than most Coryneum species. Coryneumsongshanense was similar to C.sinense from the same host genus, Quercus, in conidial length, but distinct in conidial width and by molecular data.
| S-EPMC6637033 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Three new species of Chrysogorgia were discovered from seamounts in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean. Chrysogorgia dendritica sp. nov. and Chrysogorgia fragilis sp. nov. were collected from the Kocebu Guyot of the Magellan Seamount chain with the water depth of 1,821 m and 1,279-1,321 m, respectively, and Chrysogorgia gracilis sp. nov. was collected from a seamount adjacent to the Mariana Trench with the water depth of 298 m. They all belong to the Chrysogorgia "group A, Spiculosae" with rods distributed in body wall and tentacles, and differ from all congeners except C. abludo Pante & Watling, 2012 by having a tree-shaped colony (vs. bottlebrush-shaped, planar or biflabellate). Chrysogorgia dendritica sp. nov. is unique in having a monopodial stem, the 1/3L branching sequence and the amoeba-shaped sclerites (sclerites branched toward to many directions) at the body bases of polyps. Chrysogorgia fragilis sp. nov. is most similar to C. abludo, but differs by the regular 1/3L branching sequence and elongate flat scales in coenenchyme. Chrysogorgia gracilis sp. nov. is easily separated from congeners by the 1/4L branching sequence, the absence of sclerites in the basal body wall, and the very sparse scales in coenenchyme. Based on the phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses of mtMutS gene, all the available Chrysogorgia species were separated into two main groups: one includes C. binata, C. cf. stellata and C. chryseis, which have two or more fans emerging from a short main stem (bi- or multi-flabellate colony); the other one includes all the species with the branching patterns as a single ascending spiral (clockwise or counterclockwise, bottlebrush-shaped colony), a fan (planar colony) and a bush of branches perched on top of a long straight stem (tree-shaped colony). Additionally, the tree-shaped colony represents a new branching pattern in Chrysogorgia, and therefore we extend the generic diagnosis.
| S-EPMC7102507 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Among dsDNA tailed bacteriophages (Caudovirales), members of the Myoviridae family have the most sophisticated virion design that includes a complex contractile tail structure. The Myoviridae generally have larger genomes than the other phage families. Relatively few "dwarf" myoviruses, those with a genome size of less than 50 kb such as those of the Mu group, have been analyzed in extenso. Here we report on the genome sequencing and morphological characterization of a new group of such phages that infect a diverse range of Proteobacteria, namely Aeromonas salmonicida phage 56, Vibrio cholerae phages 138 and CP-T1, Bdellovibrio phage ?1422, and Pectobacterium carotovorum phage ZF40. This group of dwarf myoviruses shares an identical virion morphology, characterized by usually short contractile tails, and have genome sizes of approximately 45 kb. Although their genome sequences are variable in their lysogeny, replication, and host adaption modules, presumably reflecting differing lifestyles and hosts, their structural and morphogenesis modules have been evolutionarily constrained by their virion morphology. Comparative genomic analysis reveals that these phages, along with related prophage genomes, form a new coherent group within the Myoviridae. The results presented in this communication support the hypothesis that the diversity of phages may be more structured than generally believed and that the innumerable phages in the biosphere all belong to discrete lineages or families.
| S-EPMC3391216 | biostudies-literature