Dataset Information

Reciprocal semantic predictions drive categorization of scene contexts and objects even when they are separate.

ABSTRACT: Visual categorization improves when object-context associations in scenes are semantically consistent, thus predictable from schemas stored in long-term memory. However, it is unclear whether this is due to differences in early perceptual processing, in matching of memory representations or in later stages of response selection. We tested these three concurrent explanations across five experiments. At each trial, participants had to categorize a scene context and an object briefly presented within the same image (Experiment 1), or separately in simultaneous images (Experiments 2-5). We analyzed unilateral (Experiments 1, 3) and bilateral presentations (Experiments 2, 4, 5), and presentations on the screen's horizontal midline (Experiments 1-2) and in the upper and lower visual fields (Experiments 3, 4). In all the experiments, we found a semantic consistency advantage for both context categorization and object categorization. This shows that the memory for object-context semantic associations is activated regardless of whether these two scene components are integrated in the same percept. Our study suggests that the facilitation effect of semantic consistency on categorization occurs at the stage of matching the percept with previous knowledge, supporting the object selection account and extending this framework to an object-context reciprocal influence on matching processes (object-context selection account).

SUBMITTER: Leroy A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7242336 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reciprocal semantic predictions drive categorization of scene contexts and objects even when they are separate.

Leroy Anaïs A Faure Sylvane S Spotorno Sara S

Scientific reports 20200521 1

Visual categorization improves when object-context associations in scenes are semantically consistent, thus predictable from schemas stored in long-term memory. However, it is unclear whether this is due to differences in early perceptual processing, in matching of memory representations or in later stages of response selection. We tested these three concurrent explanations across five experiments. At each trial, participants had to categorize a scene context and an object briefly presented with ...[more]

PMID: 32439874

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Project description:The predictable rhythmic structure is important to most ecologically relevant sounds for humans, such as is found in the rhythm of speech or music. This study addressed the question of how rhythmic predictions are maintained in the auditory system when there are multiple perceptual interpretations occurring simultaneously and emanating from the same sound source. We recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) while presenting participants with a tone sequence that had two different tone feature patterns, one based on the sequential rhythmic variation in tone duration and the other on sequential rhythmic variation in tone intensity. Participants were presented with the same sound sequences and were instructed to listen for the intensity pattern (ignore fluctuations in duration) and press a response key to detected pattern deviants (attend intensity pattern task); to listen to the duration pattern (ignore fluctuations in intensity) and make a button press to duration pattern deviants (attend duration pattern task), and to watch a movie and ignore the sounds presented to their ears (attend visual task). Both intensity and duration patterns occurred predictably 85% of the time, thus the key question involved evaluating how the brain treated the irrelevant feature patterns (standards and deviants) while performing an auditory or visual task. We expected that task-based feature patterns would have a more robust brain response to attended standards and deviants than the unattended feature patterns. Instead, we found that the neural entrainment to the rhythm of the standard attended patterns had similar power to the standard of the unattended feature patterns. In addition, the infrequent pattern deviants elicited the event-related brain potential called the mismatch negativity component (MMN). The MMN elicited by task-based feature pattern deviants had a similar amplitude to MMNs elicited by unattended pattern deviants that were unattended because they were not the target pattern or because the participant ignored the sounds and watched a movie. Thus, these results demonstrate that the brain tracks multiple predictions about the complexities in sound streams and can automatically track and detect deviations with respect to these predictions. This capability would be useful for switching attention rapidly among multiple objects in a busy auditory scene.

Dataset Information

Reciprocal semantic predictions drive categorization of scene contexts and objects even when they are separate.

Publications

Reciprocal semantic predictions drive categorization of scene contexts and objects even when they are separate.

Similar Datasets

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