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Transcriptional analyses reveal the molecular mechanism governing shade tolerance in the invasive plant Solidago canadensis.

ABSTRACT: Solidago canadensis is an invasive plant that is capable of adapting to variable light conditions. To elucidate the shade tolerance mechanism in S. canadensis at the molecular level, transcriptome analyses were performed for leaves growing under natural light and three shade level conditions. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the comparative analysis, including those involved in photosynthesis, antioxidant, and secondary metabolism of phenol- and flavonoid-related pathways. Most genes encoding proteins involved in photosynthesis, such as photosystem I reaction center subunit (Psa), photosystem II core complex protein (Psb), and light-harvesting chlorophyll protein (Lhca and Lhcb), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging-related enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), were upregulated with the shade levels. Furthermore, most of the DEGs related to secondary metabolite synthesis were also upregulated in the shade conditions. Our study indicates that S. canadensis can respond to shade stress by modulating the expression of several photosynthesis-related, free radical scavenging-related, and secondary metabolism-related genes; thus, this species has the ability to adapt to different light conditions.

SUBMITTER: Wu M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7246212 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcriptional analyses reveal the molecular mechanism governing shade tolerance in the invasive plant Solidago canadensis.

Wu Miao M Li Zeyu Z Wang Jianbo J

Ecology and evolution 20200324 10

Solidago canadensis is an invasive plant that is capable of adapting to variable light conditions. To elucidate the shade tolerance mechanism in S. canadensis at the molecular level, transcriptome analyses were performed for leaves growing under natural light and three shade level conditions. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the comparative analysis, including those involved in photosynthesis, antioxidant, and secondary metabolism of phenol- and flavonoid-re ...[more]

PMID: 32489605

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Project description:Polyploidy can cause variation in plant functional traits and thereby generate individuals that can adapt to fluctuating environments and exploit new environments. However, few empirical studies have tested for an association between ploidy level and climatic tolerance of invasive cytotypes relative to conspecific native-range cytotypes. Here, we used an invasive plant Solidago canadensis to test whether invasive populations had a higher proportion of polyploids, greater height and stem-base diameter, and occupied a wider range of climatic conditions than conspecific native-range populations. We also tested whether the invasive populations had overcome genetic founder effects. We sampled a total of 80 populations in parts of the invaded range in China and native range in North America for in situ measurements of plant height and stem-base diameter in the field and for population genetic and cytotype analyses. To examine climatic correlates, we augmented our field-sampled data with occurrence records obtained from Global Biodiversity Information Facility. All, except one, of the populations that we sampled in China occurred in a humid subtropical climate. In contrast, the North American populations occurred in humid continental, humid subtropical, and semi-arid climatic zones. All populations of S. canadensis in China were purely hexaploid, while the North American populations were diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid. The invasive hexaploids were significantly taller and had a larger stem-base diameter than native hexaploids. Native hexaploids were significantly taller and had larger stem-base diameter than native diploids. Climatic correlate assessment found that invasive and native populations occupied different climatic envelopes, with invasive populations occurring in warmer and less seasonal climates than native populations. However, there was no significant correlation between ploidy level and climatic envelope of S. canadensis. Molecular phylogeography data suggest reduced genetic founder effects in the invaded range. Overall, these results suggest that polyploidy does not influence S. canadensis climatic tolerance.

Project description:Interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are strongly affected by soil phosphorus (P) availability. However, how P forms impact rhizosphere AMF diversity, community composition, and the co-occurrence network associated with native and invasive plants, and whether these changes in turn influence the invasiveness of alien species remain unclear. In this work, we performed a greenhouse experiment with the invasive species Solidago canadensis and its native congener S. decurrens to investigate how different forms of P altered the AMF community and evaluate how these changes were linked with the growth advantage of S. canadensis relative to S. decurrens. Plants were subjected to five different P treatments: no P addition (control), simple inorganic P (sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaP), complex inorganic P (hydroxyapatite, CaP), simple organic P (adenosine monophosphate, AMP) and complex organic P (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, PA). Overall, invasive S. canadensis grew larger than native S. decurrens across all P treatments, and this growth advantage was strengthened when these species were grown in CaP and AMP treatments. The two Solidago species harbored divergent AMF communities, and soil P treatments significantly shifted AMF community composition. In particular, the differences in AMF diversity, community composition, topological features and keystone taxa of the co-occurrence networks between S. canadensis and S. decurrens were amplified when the dominant form of soil P was altered. Despite significant correlations between AMF alpha diversity, community structure, co-occurrence network composition and plant performance, we found that alpha diversity and keystone taxa of the AMF co-occurrence networks were the primary factors influencing plant growth and the growth advantage of invasive S. canadensis between soil P treatments. These results suggest that AMF could confer invasive plants with greater advantages over native congeners, depending on the forms of P in the soil, and emphasize the important roles of multiple AMF traits in plant invasion.

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Transcriptional analyses reveal the molecular mechanism governing shade tolerance in the invasive plant Solidago canadensis.

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Transcriptional analyses reveal the molecular mechanism governing shade tolerance in the invasive plant <i>Solidago canadensis</i>.

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