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Biochemical parameters, dynamic tensiometry and circulating nucleic acids for cattle blood analysis: a review.

ABSTRACT: The animal's blood is the most complicated and important biological liquid for veterinary medicine. In addition to standard methods that are always in use, recent technologies such as dynamic tensiometry (DT) of blood serum and PCR analysis of particular markers are in progress. The standard and modern biochemical tests are commonly used for general screening and, finally, complete diagnosis of animal health. Interpretation of major biochemical parameters is similar across animal species, but there are a few peculiarities in each case, especially well-known for cattle. The following directions are discussed here: hematological indicators; "total protein" and its fractions; some enzymes; major low-molecular metabolites (glucose, lipids, bilirubin, etc.); cations and anions. As example, the numerous correlations between DT data and biochemical parameters of cattle serum have been obtained and discussed. Changes in the cell-free nucleic acids (cfDNA) circulating in the blood have been studied and analyzed in a variety of conditions; for example, pregnancy, infectious and chronic diseases, and cancer. CfDNA can easily be detected using standard molecular biological techniques like DNA amplification and next-generation sequencing. The application of digital PCR even allows exact quantification of copy number variations which are for example important in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aberrations.

SUBMITTER: Zaitsev SY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7247529 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biochemical parameters, dynamic tensiometry and circulating nucleic acids for cattle blood analysis: a review.

Zaitsev Sergei Yu SY Bogolyubova Nadezhda V NV Zhang Xuying X Brenig Bertram B

PeerJ 20200522

The animal's blood is the most complicated and important biological liquid for veterinary medicine. In addition to standard methods that are always in use, recent technologies such as dynamic tensiometry (DT) of blood serum and PCR analysis of particular markers are in progress. The standard and modern biochemical tests are commonly used for general screening and, finally, complete diagnosis of animal health. Interpretation of major biochemical parameters is similar across animal species, but th ...[more]

PMID: 32509445

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Project description:BackgroundThe fasting and stress associated with road transportation contributes to a lack of energy and a decline in the immune system of beef cattle. Therefore, it is essential for beef cattle to enhance energy reserves before transportation. Creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) is a new multifunctional nutrient that can provide both pyruvate and creatine, which are two intermediate products of energy metabolism. To investigate the effects of transport and rumen-protected (RP)-CrPyr on the blood biochemical parameters and rumen fluid characteristics of beef cattle, twenty male Simmental crossbred cattle (659 ± 16 kg) aged 18 months were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 5) using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two RP-CrPyr supplemental levels (0 or 140 g/d) and two transport treatments (5 min or 12 h): T_CrPyr140, T_CrPyr0, NT_CrPyr140, and NT_CrPyr0. After feeding for 30 days, three cattle per treatment were slaughtered.ResultsCompared with nontransport, transport decreased the total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, contents of IgA, interferon γ, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 in serum, and the amounts of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetate, and butyrate in rumen (P < 0.05); increased the serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level, contents of rumen LPS and ammonia nitrogen (P < 0.05). RP-CrPyr supplementation decreased the levels of cortisol and LPS in serum and the butyrate concentration in the rumen of beef cattle compared with those in the unsupplemented groups (P < 0.05). RP-CrPyr and transport interaction had a significant effect on the contents of serum tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-6, LPS, ruminal pH, acetate content, and acetate/propionate (P < 0.05). In terms of ruminal bacterial composition, group T_CrPyr0 increased the Prevotella genus abundance compared with group NT_CrPyr0 (P < 0.05), while group T_CrPyr140 increased Firmicutes phylum abundance and decreased Bacteroidetes phylum and genus Prevotella abundance compared with group T_CrPyr0 (P < 0.05). Moreover, Bacteroidetes was positively correlated with serum LPS.ConclusionsThese results indicated that dietary supplementation with RP-CrPyr might be beneficial to alleviate transport stress by decreasing serum cortisol and LPS levels and promoting the restoration of the rumen natural flora.

Project description:The focus of the current investigational study was to examine whether circulating nucleic acids (i.e., DNA and microRNAs) have the potential to become suitable blood-based markers for diagnosis and progression of lung cancer. The concentrations of cell-free DNA and four circulating microRNAs (miR10b, miR34a, miR141 and miR155) as well as the caspase activity were measured in serum of 35 lung cancer patients (19 non-small-cell lung cancer, 8 small cell lung cancer patients and 8 patients with indefinite cancer type), 7 patients with benign lung tumors and 28 healthy individuals by PicoGreen, TaqMan MicroRNA, and Caspase-Glo®3/7 assay, respectively. The data were correlated with the established risk factors for lung cancer progression. The concentrations of cell-free DNA (p = 0.0001), serum microRNAs (p = 0.0001) and caspase activities (p = 0.0001) significantly discriminated cancer patients from healthy individuals. Serum DNA, caspase activities and RNA levels could not distinguish between patients with benign lung disease and cancer patients. However, the levels of miR10b (p = 0.002), miR141 (p = 0.0001) and miR155 (p = 0.007) were significantly higher in lung cancer patients than those in patients with benign disease. As determined by the Spearman-Rho test, high levels of cell-free DNA significantly correlated with elevated circulating caspase activities (p = 0.0001). In lung cancer patients high serum miR10b values associated with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.03) and elevated levels of TPA (tissue polypeptide antigen, p = 0.01), whereas high serum miR141 values associated with elevated levels of uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator, p = 0.02). The findings of our pilot study suggest that the assays for circulating DNA, microRNAs and caspase activities in blood might become novel minimally invasive diagnostic tools for detection and risk assessment of lung cancer, provided that their clinical utility can be confirmed in larger prospective trials.

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Biochemical parameters, dynamic tensiometry and circulating nucleic acids for cattle blood analysis: a review.

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Biochemical parameters, dynamic tensiometry and circulating nucleic acids for cattle blood analysis: a review.

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