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A natural bioactive feed additive alters expression of genes involved in inflammation in whole blood of healthy Angus heifers.

ABSTRACT: A greater demand for food animal production without antibiotics has created the common practice of feeding food animals dietary immunomodulatory feed additives (IFA) throughout their life cycle. However, little is known about the impact of IFA on cytokine and chemokine signaling in non-stressed, non-pathogen-challenged food animals during the early feeding period. We evaluated the expression of 82 genes related to cytokine and chemokine signaling in the whole blood of growing Angus heifers to determine the effect of IFA supplementation on cytokine and chemokine signaling during the first 28 d of feeding. One gene (CCL1) was significantly up-regulated and 14 genes (17%) were significantly down-regulated by IFA feeding during the entire early feeding period including 5 of 21 (24%) evaluated chemokine and IL receptors (CCR1, CCR2, IL1R1, IL10RA, IL10RB). These data when taken together suggest providing an IFA in the diet of growing beef cattle during the early feeding period may suppress the inflammatory response through cytokine-cytokine receptor signaling.

SUBMITTER: Armstrong SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7251791 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A natural bioactive feed additive alters expression of genes involved in inflammation in whole blood of healthy Angus heifers.

Armstrong Shelby A SA McLean Derek J DJ Bionaz Massimo M Bobe Gerd G

Innate immunity 20191119 4

A greater demand for food animal production without antibiotics has created the common practice of feeding food animals dietary immunomodulatory feed additives (IFA) throughout their life cycle. However, little is known about the impact of IFA on cytokine and chemokine signaling in non-stressed, non-pathogen-challenged food animals during the early feeding period. We evaluated the expression of 82 genes related to cytokine and chemokine signaling in the whole blood of growing Angus heifers to de ...[more]

PMID: 31744342

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Project description:The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) contains complex microbial communities and plays an essential role in the overall health of the host. Previous studies of beef cattle feed efficiency have primarily concentrated on the ruminal microbiota because it plays a key role in energy production and nutrient supply in the host. Although the small intestine is the important site of post-ruminal digestion and absorption of nutrients, only a few studies have explored the relationship between the microbial populations in the small intestine and feed efficiency. Moreover, variations in GIT metabolites contribute to differences in feed efficiency. The objective of this study was to investigate relationships among bacterial populations of duodenum, jejunum, ileum; microbial metabolites; and RFI phenotype of beef cattle. We carried out by using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In the duodenum, the relative abundances of Firmicutes ( p < 0.01), Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Family_XIII, Christensenellaceae, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group ( p < 0.05), and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group ( p < 0.05) were higher in the low residual feed intake (LRFI) group compared with the high residual feed intake (HRFI) group, whereas the HRFI group had higher abundances of Proteobacteria and Acinetobacter ( p < 0.01). In the jejunum, the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group were higher in the LRFI group ( p < 0.05). In the ileum, the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae ( p < 0.01), Christensenellaceae, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Ruminococcus_2 were also higher in the LRFI group ( p < 0.05). Moreover, the genera Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Ruminococcus_2 were negatively associated with RFI, while the genus Acinetobacter was positively associated with RFI. The metabolomics analysis revealed that the LRFI group significantly improved protein digestion and absorption, as well as glycerophospholipid metabolism in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum. The correlation between intestinal microorganisms and metabolites revealed that some microorganisms play an important role in amino acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nutrient digestion and absorption, and antioxidant enhancement. The present study provides a better understanding of the small intestinal microbiota and metabolites of beef cattle with different RFI phenotypes and the relationships among them, which are potentially important for the improvement of beef cattle feed efficiency.

Project description:The literature lacks studies investigating the performance of supplemented replacement heifers grazing on intensively managed warm-season pasture. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of supplement composition (energetic or protein) on the performance, muscle development, thermogenisis, nutrient intake, and digestibility of replacement Holstein heifers grazing Mombaça grass. Eighteen Holstein heifers with an average age and initial body weight (BW) of 12.57 ± 2.54 mo and 218.76 ±47.6 kg, respectively, were submitted to a randomized block design, with six replicates on a rotational grazing system of Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça pasture. Treatments were: control (CON; mineral salt ad libitum); energy supplement (ENE; corn meal as supplement, 8% CP and 3.78 Mcal/kg DE); and protein supplement (PRO; corn and soybean meal, 25% CP and 3.66 Mcal/kg DE). Supplements were individually fed at 0.5% BW. The experiment lasted 120 days, subdivided into three periods. Titanium dioxide and indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) were used to estimate the intakes and digestibility of the nutrients. BW, wither height, thoracic circumference, body length, and ultrasound of ribeye fat thickness measurements were taken once per period. Body condition score (BCS) was assessed twice during the experiment. The MIXED procedure of SAS, including period as a repeated measure, was used and significance was declared at P ? 0.05. Dry matter intake (DMI), CP intake (CPI) and DE intake were greater in heifers fed PRO compared to CON and ENE. Heifers supplemented with ENE had the lowest DMI. Treatment affected pasture intake/BW; it was similar between PRO and CON heifers, and lower for the ENE treatment. A treatment × period interaction was observed for NDF intake (%BW), in which heifers fed PRO and CON had the greatest NDF intake and ENE had the lowest. The digestibility of DM was the greatest in PRO-supplemented heifers and the lowest in CON heifers. Heifers fed ENE had decreased CP digestibility compared to PRO and CON heifers. Average daily gain (ADG) and thoracic circumference gain were greatest in the PRO treatment. BCS was greater in PRO compared to CON and ENE heifers. Supplementing Holstein heifers at 0.5% BW using PRO supplementation resulted in better animal performance, primarily greater ADG, than feeding ENE or not supplementing (CON). In conclusion, our results indicate that dairy heifers should be fed a protein supplement when grazing intensively managed Mombaça grass pasture.

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Project description:Intensive production systems require high-yield genetics as obtained in Bos taurus × Bos indicus crossbreeding. Generally, high-producing taurine cattle are more susceptible to parasites and heat stress. This study evaluated animal performance, heat-stress measurement (infrared temperatures), and internal parasite infection with daily weight gain in heifers from 2 genetic groups (Nelore and F1-Nelore × Angus) reared in 2 forage production systems (with or without crop-livestock system) during 1 yr. The main objectives were to determine the relationship between infrared measures and animal performance and whether it differs between genetic groups and environments. Thirty-six heifers were randomly assigned to 2 forage production systems, one considered as high-input system with crop-livestock system and other exclusive livestock system considered as low input. At each 28 d, infrared thermography (IR) temperatures, weight, and internal parasite infection (fecal egg count) were measured. The temperatures of the eye, snout, forehead, dewlap, body, ground and squeeze chute were determined. F1 heifers had higher weight gain than Nelore (P < 0.05) and both did not differ in internal parasite infection (P > 0.05). F1 heifers had higher IR than Nelore (P < 0.05). The main body points that differentiate between genetic groups were dewlap, forehead, and eye. Higher dewlap IR temperature (DW) was associated with higher average daily gain (ADG) during dry season (independently of genetic groups) (ADG = -0.755 + 0.032 × DW; R2 = 0.44). Otherwise, the IR temperatures had a negative relationship with ADG during rainy season and low forehead IR temperature was related to higher average daily gain (ADG = 1.81 - 0.033 × forehead; R2 = 0.12 for F1 animals and ADG = 1.46 - 0.025 × forehead; R2 = 0.07 for Nelore). The infrared temperatures were more related to animal performance during the dry season, which had high temperature and low humidity. The infrared temperatures were able to identify the animal response to the environment challenge. Animals with higher temperatures (dewlap and forehead) had higher daily gain during the dry season.

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A natural bioactive feed additive alters expression of genes involved in inflammation in whole blood of healthy Angus heifers.

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A natural bioactive feed additive alters expression of genes involved in inflammation in whole blood of healthy Angus heifers.

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