Dataset Information

Environmental DNA: A promising factor for tuberculosis risk assessment in multi-host settings.

ABSTRACT: Attaining and maintaining the Official Tuberculosis Free status continues to be a challenge when several domestic and wild hosts contribute to the maintenance of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Local tuberculosis hotspots are sometimes identified in cattle in low-prevalence regions. We have, therefore, studied one such hotspot in depth in order to produce an epidemiological diagnosis. Host population size and MTC prevalence were estimated in selected wildlife and in livestock, while on-cattle environmental DNA detection was additionally used as a proxy for risk of exposure at the farm (herd) level. Positive skin test reactors were found on16 of the 24 cattle farms studied in the period 2012-2016. Although all goats tested negative to the skin test during this period, MTC was confirmed in four sheep at slaughter, thus indicating an unknown prevalence of infection in this host species. With regard to wildlife, the prevalence of MTC infection based on culture was 8.8% in the case of wild boar (Sus scrofa), and the only road-killed badger (Meles meles) submitted for culture tested positive. Two criteria were employed to divide the cattle farms into higher or lower risk: tuberculosis testing results and environmental DNA detection. Environmental MTC DNA detection yielded significant differences regarding "use of regional pastures" and "proximity to woodland". This study suggests that on-animal environmental DNA sampling may help when assessing contact risk as regards MTC in livestock at the herd level. This tool opens up new avenues of epidemiological research in complex multi-host settings.

SUBMITTER: Martinez-Guijosa J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7259669 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Environmental DNA: A promising factor for tuberculosis risk assessment in multi-host settings.

Martínez-Guijosa Jordi J Romero Beatriz B Infantes-Lorenzo José Antonio JA Díez Elena E Boadella Mariana M Balseiro Ana A Veiga Miguel M Navarro David D Moreno Inmaculada I Ferreres Javier J Domínguez Mercedes M Fernández Cesar C Domínguez Lucas L Gortázar Christian C

PloS one 20200529 5

Attaining and maintaining the Official Tuberculosis Free status continues to be a challenge when several domestic and wild hosts contribute to the maintenance of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Local tuberculosis hotspots are sometimes identified in cattle in low-prevalence regions. We have, therefore, studied one such hotspot in depth in order to produce an epidemiological diagnosis. Host population size and MTC prevalence were estimated in selected wildlife and in livestock, whil ...[more]

PMID: 32470035

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Project description:Abstract Introduction The overarching goal of research on physical settings for individuals living with dementia is to identify associations between designed features within the built environment and outcomes of interest. Over the past three decades numerous environmental assessment tools have been developed in several countries, responding to a changing set of care industry values that increasingly prioritize a holistic, quality‐of‐life–driven person‐centered care (PCC) model over a biomedical approach to long‐term care (LTC) provision. This article reviews the diversity, constructs, strengths, and limitations of existing environmental assessment tools and identifies gaps for future tool development. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using four databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Avery Index) and terms related to health‐care environments and assessment tools. Results A total of 13 environmental assessment tools for people living with dementia within shared residential settings were identified. Evaluation of the environmental assessment tools includes a synthesis of published data for each tool's reliability, validity, ease of use, interpretability, strengths and weaknesses, as well as a comparison of various tool characteristics including date of development, country of origin, applicable care setting(s), number and variety of measures and underlying constructs, format, and descriptive versus evaluative content. Discussion While the shift to person‐centered values encompasses all aspects of care and care settings, the majority of person‐centered definitions exclude the important role of the designed, physical environment. However, this review of environmental assessment tools clearly demonstrates that newer tools are embracing the full array of PCC values. In the United States, this is shown in the shift from tools designed to assess segregated dementia care settings to tools that integrate the needs and preferences both of individuals living with and without dementia. Next‐generation tools need to specifically address the household model of design. Highlights The overarching goal of research on physical settings for individuals living with dementia is to identify associations between designed features within the built environment and outcomes of interest. A systematic literature search identified a total of 13 environmental assessment tools for people living with dementia within shared residential settings; these tools were then described and evaluated based on reliability, validity, ease of use, interpretability, strengths, and weaknesses. This review of environmental assessment tools clearly demonstrates that newer tools are embracing the full array of person‐centered care values.

Dataset Information

Environmental DNA: A promising factor for tuberculosis risk assessment in multi-host settings.

Publications

Environmental DNA: A promising factor for tuberculosis risk assessment in multi-host settings.

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