Dataset Information

Differences in the optical properties of photochromic lenses between cold and warm temperatures.

ABSTRACT: The aim of our study was to quantitatively evaluate the optical properties of photochromic lenses available on the market under cold and warm temperatures corresponding to the winter and summer seasons. The transmittance of 12 photochromic lenses from five manufacturers was measured using an UV/VIS spectrophotometer at cold (6 ± 2°C) and at warm (21 ± 2°C) temperatures. Transmittances were recorded from 380 to 780 nm and at the wavelength with maximum absorbance, which was calculated from the transmittance. The characteristics of the lenses were evaluated by examining changes in the optical properties at colorless and colored states and in the fading rate depending on temperature. The wavelength with maximum absorbance for photochromic lenses at the cold temperature showed a shorter shift than that at the warm temperature. The photochromic properties at the cold temperature were 11.5% lower for transmittance, 1.4 times higher for the change in optical density, and 1.2 times higher for the change in transmittance in the colored and colorless states, optical blocking % ratio, and change in luminous transmittance as compared to those at the warm temperature in the colored state. The fading rates based on the half-life time at the cold temperature were from 2.7 to 5.4 times lower than those at the warm temperature. The fading time until 80% transmittance was 6.4 times longer at the cold as compared to that at the warm temperature. There were significant differences in the optical properties of the photochromic lenses in terms of an absorbance at a shorter wavelength, a lower transmittance, a higher optical density, optical blocking % ratio, and luminous transmittance at the cold as compared to the warm temperature. Hence, it is necessary to provide consumers with information on photochromic optical properties, including the transmittance in colored and colorless states, and the fading rates at temperatures corresponding to the summer and winter seasons for each product.

SUBMITTER: Moon BY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7259785 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Differences in the optical properties of photochromic lenses between cold and warm temperatures.

Moon Byeong-Yeon BY Kim Sang-Yeob SY Yu Dong-Sik DS

PloS one 20200529 5

The aim of our study was to quantitatively evaluate the optical properties of photochromic lenses available on the market under cold and warm temperatures corresponding to the winter and summer seasons. The transmittance of 12 photochromic lenses from five manufacturers was measured using an UV/VIS spectrophotometer at cold (6 ± 2°C) and at warm (21 ± 2°C) temperatures. Transmittances were recorded from 380 to 780 nm and at the wavelength with maximum absorbance, which was calculated from the tr ...[more]

PMID: 32470032

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Project description:Climate seasonality is a predominant constraint on the lifecycles of species in alpine and polar biomes. Assessing the response of these species to climate change thus requires taking into account seasonal constraints on populations. However, interactions between seasonality, weather fluctuations, and population parameters remain poorly explored as they require long-term studies with high sampling frequency. This study investigated the influence of environmental covariates on the demography of a corvid species, the alpine chough Pyrrhocorax graculus, in the highly seasonal environment of the Mont Blanc region. In two steps, we estimated: (1) the seasonal survival of categories of individuals based on their age, sex, etc., (2) the effect of environmental covariates on seasonal survival. We hypothesized that the cold season-and more specifically, the end of the cold season (spring)-would be a critical period for individuals, and we expected that weather and individual covariates would influence survival variation during critical periods. We found that while spring was a critical season for adult female survival, it was not for males. This is likely because females are dominated by males at feeding sites during snowy seasons (winter and spring), and additionally must invest energy in egg production. When conditions were not favorable, which seemed to happen when the cold season was warmer than usual, females probably reached their physiological limits. Surprisingly, adult survival was higher at the beginning of the cold season than in summer, which may result from adaptation to harsh weather in alpine and polar vertebrates. This hypothesis could be confirmed by testing it with larger sets of populations. This first seasonal analysis of individual survival over the full life cycle in a sedentary alpine bird shows that including seasonality in demographic investigations is crucial to better understand the potential impacts of climate change on cold ecosystems.

Dataset Information

Differences in the optical properties of photochromic lenses between cold and warm temperatures.

Publications

Differences in the optical properties of photochromic lenses between cold and warm temperatures.

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