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Postnatal, ontogenic liver growth accomplished by biliary/oval cell proliferation and differentiation.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:The liver is well known for its enormous regenerative capacity. If the hepatocytes are compromised the reserve stem cells can regrow the lost tissue by means of oval cells differentiating into hepatocytes. We were curious whether this standby system was able to compensate for ontogenic liver growth arrested by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) treatment or if it can be influenced by cholic acid, known to promote liver growth in several reactions. METHODS:(i) Four weeks-old (60-70g) male F344 rats were kept on standard chow and treated with solvent only, (ii) others were kept on 0,2% cholic acid (CA) enriched diet, (iii) treated with AAF, or (iiii) given a combination of CA diet and AAF treatment (AAF/CA). The proliferative response of epithelial cells was characterized by pulse bromodeoxyuridine labelling. The relative gene expression levels of senescence-related factors and bile acid receptors were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS:AAF administration efficiently inhibited the physiological proliferation of hepatocytes in young, male F344 rats after weaning. The activation of stem cells was indicated by the increased proliferation of periportal biliary/oval cells (B/OC). If the rats were fed additionally by cholic acid enriched diet, typical oval cell reaction emerged, subsequently the oval cells differentiated into hepatocytes restituting liver growth. This reaction was mediated by increased production of HGF, IL-6 and SCF by the damaged liver. Moreover, upregulation of FXR expression on B/OC made them competent for bile acids. Our results indicate that endogenous, autocrine mechanisms involved in liver ontogeny are also able to activate the backup regenerative machinery of stem cells.

SUBMITTER: Szucs A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7259787 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Postnatal, ontogenic liver growth accomplished by biliary/oval cell proliferation and differentiation.

Szücs Armanda A Paku Sándor S Sebestyén Endre E Nagy Péter P Dezső Katalin K

PloS one 20200529 5

<h4>Introduction</h4>The liver is well known for its enormous regenerative capacity. If the hepatocytes are compromised the reserve stem cells can regrow the lost tissue by means of oval cells differentiating into hepatocytes. We were curious whether this standby system was able to compensate for ontogenic liver growth arrested by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) treatment or if it can be influenced by cholic acid, known to promote liver growth in several reactions.<h4>Methods</h4>(i) Four weeks-old ...[more]

PMID: 32470002

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Project description:Oval cell-mediated liver regeneration is a highly complex process that involves the coordination of several signaling factors, chemokines and cytokines to allow for proper maintenance of the liver architecture. When hepatocyte proliferation is inhibited, an hepatic stem cell population, often referred to as "oval cells", is activated to aid in liver regeneration. The function of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) during this process of oval cell activation is of particular interest because it is produced in liver and has been shown to induce migration and differentiation of other stem cell populations both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, IGFBP-3 production has been linked to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, a pathway known to be induced during oval cell proliferation. In this study, we set out to determine whether IGFBP-3 plays a role in oval cell proliferation, migration and differentiation during this specific type of regeneration. Through activation of the oval cell-mediated liver regeneration in a rat model, we found that IGFBP-3 is elevated in the liver and serum of animals during peak days of oval cell activation and proliferation. Furthermore, in vitro assays found that WB-344 cells, a liver stem cell line similar to oval cells, were induced to migrate in the presence of IGFBP-3. When expression of IGFBP-3 was knocked down during oval cell activation in vivo, we found that oval cell proliferation was increased and observed the appearance of numerous atypical ductular structures, which were OV-6 and Ki67-positive. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR analysis of liver tissue from IGFBP-3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) treated animals determined that expression of TGFβ family members, including TGF-βRII and Smads 2-4, were significantly downregulated compared to animals at day 9 post-PHx alone or animals that received negative control siRNA. In conclusion, IGFBP-3 may function as a potent chemoattractant of oval cells during specific types of liver regeneration and may be involved in regulating oval cell proliferation and differentiation in vivo via the TGF-β pathway.

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Postnatal, ontogenic liver growth accomplished by biliary/oval cell proliferation and differentiation.

Publications

Postnatal, ontogenic liver growth accomplished by biliary/oval cell proliferation and differentiation.

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