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Sensory and cognitive functions, gait ability and functionality of older adults.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:to know the relationship between the sensory function, gait ability, and cognitive function with dependency in older adults. METHOD:a descriptive cross-sectional design, 146 older adults took part. MEASUREMENTS:Snellen chart, Audiometer, Stereognosia tests, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament, basic aromas and flavors, GAITRite system, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test, the Barthel Index, and the Lawton and Brody Index. RESULTS:sensory function, cognitive function and gait explain 25% dependence on basic activities of daily life and 21% dependence on instrumental activities of daily life. The variables that influence dependence on basic activities were taste (p=.029), gait speed (p=.009), cadence (p=.002) and step length (p=.001) and, in instrumental activities, gait speed (p=.049), cadence (p=.028) and step length (p=.010). CONCLUSION:gait speed, cadence and stride length are variables that influence both dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily life.

SUBMITTER: Duran-Badillo T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7266634 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sensory and cognitive functions, gait ability and functionality of older adults.

Duran-Badillo Tirso T Salazar-González Bertha Cecilia BC Cruz-Quevedo Juana Edith JE Sánchez-Alejo Ernesto Javier EJ Gutierrez-Sanchez Gustavo G Hernández-Cortés Perla Lizeth PL

Revista latino-americana de enfermagem 20200601

<h4>Objective</h4>to know the relationship between the sensory function, gait ability, and cognitive function with dependency in older adults.<h4>Method</h4>a descriptive cross-sectional design, 146 older adults took part.<h4>Measurements</h4>Snellen chart, Audiometer, Stereognosia tests, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament, basic aromas and flavors, GAITRite system, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test, the Barthel Index, and the Lawton and Brody Index.<h4>Results</h4>sensory function, cognitive functi ...[more]

PMID: 32491121

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Project description:OBJECTIVES:To examine the association between self-reported vision impairment (VI), hearing impairment (HI), and dual-sensory impairment (DSI), stratified by dementia status, on hospital admissions, hospice use, and healthcare costs. DESIGN:Retrospective analysis. SETTING:Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey from 1999 to 2006. PARTICIPANTS:Rotating panel of community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries, aged 65?years and older (N?=?24 009). MEASUREMENTS:VI and HI were ascertained by self-report. Dementia status was determined by self-report or diagnosis codes in claims data. Primary outcomes included any inpatient admission over a 2-year period, hospice use over a 2-year period, annual Medicare fee-for-service costs, and total healthcare costs (which included information from Medicare claims data and other self-reported payments). RESULTS:Self-reported DSI was present in 30.2% (n?=?263/871) of participants with dementia and 17.8% (n?= 4112/23 138) of participants without dementia. In multivariable logistic regression models, HI, VI, or DSI was generally associated with increased odds of hospitalization and hospice use regardless of dementia status. In a generalized linear model adjusted for demographics, annual total healthcare costs were greater for those with DSI and dementia compared to those with DSI without dementia ($28 875 vs $3340, respectively). Presence of any sensory impairment was generally associated with higher healthcare costs. In a model adjusted for demographics, Medicaid status, and chronic medical conditions, DSI compared with no sensory impairment was associated with a small, but statistically significant, difference in total healthcare spending in those without dementia ($1151 vs $1056; P <?.001) but not in those with dementia ($11 303 vs $10 466; P =?.395). CONCLUSION:Older adults with sensory and cognitive impairments constitute a particularly prevalent and vulnerable population who are at increased risk of hospitalization and contribute to higher healthcare spending. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1617-1624, 2019.

Project description:BackgroundOlder adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have slower gait speed and poor gait performance under dual-task conditions. However, gait kinematic and kinetic characteristics in older adults with MCI or subjective cognitive decline (SCD) remain unknown. This study was designed to explore the difference in gait kinematics and kinetics during level walking among older people with MCI, SCD, and normal cognition (NC).MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 181 participants from July to December 2019; only 82 met the inclusion criteria and consented to participate and only 79 completed gait analysis. Kinematic and kinetic data were obtained using three-dimensional motion capture system during level walking, and joint movements of the lower limbs in the sagittal plane were analyzed by Visual 3D software. Differences in gait kinematics and kinetics among the groups were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, the significance level was p < 0.002 for MANCOVA and p < 0.0008 for post-hoc analysis.ResultsTwenty-two participants were MCI [mean ± standard deviation (SD) age, 71.23 ± 6.65 years], 33 were SCD (age, 72.73 ± 5.25 years), and 24 were NC (age, 71.96 ± 5.30 years). MANCOVA adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), gait speed, years of education, diabetes mellitus, and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) revealed a significant multivariate effect of group in knee peak extension angle (F = 8.77, p < 0.0001) and knee heel strike angle (F = 8.07, p = 0.001) on the right side. Post-hoc comparisons with Bonferroni correction showed a significant increase of 5.91° in knee peak extension angle (p < 0.0001) and a noticeable decrease of 6.21°in knee heel strike angle (p = 0.001) in MCI compared with NC on the right side. However, no significant intergroup difference was found in gait kinetics, including dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, knee flexion, knee extension, hip flexion, and hip extension(p > 0.002).ConclusionAn increase of right knee peak extension angle and a decrease of right knee heel strike angle during level walking were found among older adults with MCI compared to those with NC.

Dataset Information

Sensory and cognitive functions, gait ability and functionality of older adults.

Publications

Sensory and cognitive functions, gait ability and functionality of older adults.

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