Dataset Information

Non-communicable diseases are key to further narrow gender gap in life expectancy in Shanghai, China.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:To address change in the gender gap of life expectancy (GGLE) in Shanghai from 1973 to 2018, and to identify the major causes of death and age groups associated with the change over time. METHODS:The temporal trend in GGLE was evaluated using retrospective demographic analysis with Joinpoint regression. Causes of death were coded in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases and mapped with the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) cause list. The life table technique and decomposition method were used to express changes in GGLE. RESULTS:The trend of GGLE in Shanghai experienced two phases, i.e., a decrease from 8.4 to 4.2?years in the descent phase (1973-1999) and a fluctuation between 4.0 and 4.9?years in the plateau phase (1999-2018). The reduced age-specific mortality rates tended to concentrate to a narrower age range, from age 0-9 and above 30?years in the descent phase to age above 55?years in the plateau phase. Gastroesophageal and liver cancer, communicable, chronic respiratory, and digestive diseases were once the major contributors to narrow GGLE in the descent phase. While, importance should be attached to a widening effect on GGLE by lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, other neoplasms like colorectal and pancreatic cancer, and diabetes in the recent plateau phase. CONCLUSIONS:Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have made GGLE enter a plateau phase from a descent phase in Shanghai, China. Public efforts to reduce excess mortalities for male NCDs, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes in particular and health policies focused on the middle-aged and elderly population might further narrow GGLE. This will also ensure improvements in health and health equity in Shanghai China.

SUBMITTER: Chen H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7268263 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Non-communicable diseases are key to further narrow gender gap in life expectancy in Shanghai, China.

Chen Hanyi H Zhou Yi Y Sun Lianghong L Chen Yichen Y Qu Xiaobin X Chen Hua H Rajbhandari-Thapa Janani J Xiao Shaotan S

BMC public health 20200603 1

<h4>Background</h4>To address change in the gender gap of life expectancy (GGLE) in Shanghai from 1973 to 2018, and to identify the major causes of death and age groups associated with the change over time.<h4>Methods</h4>The temporal trend in GGLE was evaluated using retrospective demographic analysis with Joinpoint regression. Causes of death were coded in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases and mapped with the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) cause list. The life table ...[more]

PMID: 32493253

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Although the black-white gap in life expectancy has narrowed in the U.S., there is considerable variability across states. In Wisconsin, the black-white gap exceeds 6 years, well above the national average. Reducing this disparity is an urgent public health priority, but there is limited understanding of what contributes to Wisconsin's racial gap in longevity. Our investigation identifies causes of death that contribute most to Wisconsin's black-white gap in life expectancy among males and females, and highlights specific ages where each cause of death contributes most to the gap. METHODS:Our study employs 1999-2016 restricted-use mortality data provided by the National Center for Health Statistics. After generating race- and sex-specific life tables for each 3-year period of observation (e.g., 1999-2001), we trace recent trends in the black-white life expectancy gap in Wisconsin. We subsequently conduct a series of analyses to decompose the black-white gap in three time periods into 13 separate causes and 19 different age groups. RESULTS:In 2014-16, Wisconsin's black-white gap in life expectancy was 7.34 years for males (67% larger than the national gap), and 5.61 years for females (115% larger than the national gap). Among males, homicide was the single largest contributor, accounting for 1.56 years of the total gap. Heart disease and cancer followed, contributing 1.43 and 1.42 years, respectively. Among females, heart disease and cancer were the two leading contributors to the gap, accounting for 1.12 and 1.00 years, respectively. Whereas homicide contributed most to the racial gap in male longevity during late adolescence and early adulthood, heart disease and cancer exerted most of their influence between ages 50-70 for both males and females. Other notable contributors were unintentional injuries (males), diabetes and cerebrovascular disease (females), and perinatal conditions (males and females). CONCLUSIONS:Our study identifies targets for future policy interventions that could substantially reduce Wisconsin's racial gap in life expectancy. Concerted efforts to eliminate racial disparities in perinatal mortality and homicide early in the life course, and chronic conditions such as cancer and heart disease in later life, promise to help Wisconsin achieve the public health objective of racial parity in longevity.

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Dataset Information

Non-communicable diseases are key to further narrow gender gap in life expectancy in Shanghai, China.

Publications

Non-communicable diseases are key to further narrow gender gap in life expectancy in Shanghai, China.

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