Circulating Uromodulin and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Kidney Failure.
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SUBMITTER: Ponte B
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7269228 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background and objectivesUromodulin is exclusively produced by tubular epithelial cells and released into urine and serum. Higher serum uromodulin has been associated with lower risk for kidney failure in Chinese patients with CKD and with lower risk for mortality in the elderly and in patients undergoing coronary angiography. We hypothesized that lower serum uromodulin is associated with mortality, cardiovascular events, and kidney failure in white patients with CKD.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe measured serum uromodulin in 5143 participants enrolled in the German CKD (GCKD) study. The associations of baseline serum uromodulin with all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; a composite of cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke, or incident peripheral vascular disease), and kidney failure (dialysis or transplantation) were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses in a cohort study design, adjusting for demographics, eGFR, albuminuria, cardiovascular risk factors, and medication.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 60±12 years, 60% were male. Mean serum uromodulin concentration was 98±60 ng/ml, eGFR was 49±18 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and 78% had eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Participants in lower serum uromodulin quartiles had lower eGFR and higher albuminuria, prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and more frequent history of stroke at baseline. During a follow-up of 4 years, 335 participants died, 417 developed MACE, and 229 developed kidney failure. In multivariable analysis, the highest serum uromodulin quartile was associated with lower hazard for mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.87), MACE (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.90), and kidney failure (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.55) compared with the lowest quartile.ConclusionsHigher serum uromodulin is independently associated with lower risk for mortality, cardiovascular events, and kidney failure in white patients with CKD.Clinical trial registry name and registration numberDeutsches Register für Klinische Studien (DRKS; German national database of clinical studies), DRKS00003971.
| S-EPMC7269219 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveLower limb complications are major adverse events in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These complications can lead to morbidity, disability, reduced quality of life, and higher health care costs. We sought to determine how interim lower limb complications modify the subsequent risk of progression to kidney failure, all-cause mortality before kidney failure, and cardiovascular (CV) events in a cohort of patients with CKD stages G3 to G5.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using patient-level data obtained by linking several administrative databases from Manitoba, Canada. We used Fine and Gray regression models for the primary outcomes of (1) kidney failure adjusted for the competing risk of all-cause mortality, (2) death before kidney failure, and (3) cardiovascular-related hospitalization with the competing risk of non-CV death.ResultsA total of 92,618 patients were included in the final cohort, with a median follow-up time of 2.56 years. Compared with patients who did not experience an interim lower limb complication, there was a higher risk of kidney failure (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.10-3.00), all-cause mortality before kidney failure (adjusted HR 2.73, 95% CI 2.55-2.92), and CV events (adjusted HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.90-2.38).ConclusionsInterim lower limb complications are associated with an increased risk of kidney failure, all-cause mortality before kidney failure, and cardiovascular-related hospitalization. Clinical trials of screening and treatment strategies for patients with CKD at risk for lower limb complications may help determine optimal strategies to manage this risk.
| S-EPMC7879126 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Uromodulin is a kidney-derived glycoprotein and putative tubular function index. Lower serum uromodulin was recently associated with increased risk for kidney allograft failure in a preliminary, longitudinal single-center -European study involving 91 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). METHODS:The Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation (FAVORIT) trial is a completed, large, multiethnic controlled clinical trial cohort, which studied chronic, stable KTRs. We conducted a case cohort analysis using a randomly selected subset of patients (random subcohort, n = 433), and all individuals who developed kidney allograft failure (cases, n = 226) during follow-up. Serum uromodulin was determined in this total of n = 613 FAVORIT trial participants at randomization. Death-censored kidney allograft failure was the study outcome. RESULTS:The 226 kidney allograft failures occurred during a median surveillance of 3.2 years. Unadjusted, weighted Cox proportional hazards modeling revealed that lower serum uromodulin, tertile 1 vs. tertile 3, was associated with a threefold greater risk for kidney allograft failure (hazards ratio [HR], 95% CI 3.20 [2.05-5.01]). This association was attenuated but persisted at twofold greater risk for allograft failure, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, allograft type and vintage, prevalent diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD), total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and natural log urinary albumin/creatinine: HR 2.00, 95% CI (1.06-3.77). CONCLUSIONS:Lower serum uromodulin, a possible indicator of less well-preserved renal tubular function, remained associated with greater risk for kidney allograft failure, after adjustment for major, established clinical kidney allograft failure and CVD risk factors, in a large, multiethnic cohort of long-term, stable KTRs.
| S-EPMC6754623 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Urinary uromodulin (uUMOD) is the most common secreted tubular protein in healthy adults. However, the relationship between uUMOD and clinical outcomes is still unclear. Here we measured uUMOD in 192 participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study with over a 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over 9 years, 54 with incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and in a random subcohort of 958 participants. The association of uUMOD with eGFR decline was evaluated using logistic regression and with incident ESRD, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and mortality using Cox proportional regression. Mean age was 78 years and median uUMOD was 25.8??g/ml. In a case-control study evaluating eGFR decline (192 cases and 231 controls), each 1-s.d. higher uUMOD was associated with a 23% lower odds of eGFR decline (odds ratio 0.77 (95% CI 0.62-0.96)) and a 10% lower risk of mortality (hazard ratio 0.90 (95% CI 0.83-0.98)) after adjusting for demographics, eGFR, albumin/creatinine ratio, and other risk factors. There was no risk association of uUMOD with ESRD, cardiovascular disease, or heart failure after multivariable adjustment. Thus, low uUMOD levels may identify persons at risk of progressive kidney disease and mortality above and beyond established markers of kidney disease, namely eGFR and the albumin/creatinine ratio. Future studies need to confirm these results and evaluate whether uUMOD is a marker of tubular health and/or whether it plays a causal role in preserving kidney function.
| S-EPMC4653069 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death after renal transplantation. Not only conventional CVD risk factors, but also transplant-specific risk factors can influence the development of CVD in kidney transplant recipients. The main objective of this study will be to determine the incidence of post-transplant CVD after renal transplantation and related factors. A secondary objective will be to examine the ability of standard cardiovascular risk scores (Framingham, REGICOR, SCORE, and DORICA) to predict post-transplantation cardiovascular events in renal transplant recipients, and to develop a new score for predicting the risk of CVD after kidney transplantation.Methods/designObservational prospective cohort study of all kidney transplant recipients in the A Coruna Hospital (Spain) in the period 1981-2008 (2059 transplants corresponding to 1794 patients). The variables included will be: donor and recipient characteristics, chronic kidney disease-related risk factors, pre-transplant and post-transplant cardiovascular risk factors, routine biochemistry, and immunosuppressive, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment. The events studied in the follow-up will be: patient and graft survival, acute rejection episodes and cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, invasive coronary artery therapy, cerebral vascular events, new-onset angina, congestive heart failure, rhythm disturbances and peripheral vascular disease). Four cardiovascular risk scores were calculated at the time of transplantation: the Framingham score, the European Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) equation, and the REGICOR (Registre Gironi del COR (Gerona Heart Registry)), and DORICA (Dyslipidemia, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Risk) functions. The cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events will be analyzed by competing risk survival methods. The clinical relevance of different variables will be calculated using the ARR (Absolute Risk Reduction), RRR (Relative Risk Reduction) and NNT (Number Needed to Treat). The ability of different cardiovascular risk scores to predict cardiovascular events will be analyzed by using the c index and the area under ROC curves. Based on the competing risks analysis, a nomogram to predict the probability of cardiovascular events after kidney transplantation will be developed.DiscussionThis study will make it possible to determine the post-transplant incidence of cardiovascular events in a large cohort of renal transplant recipients in Spain, to confirm the relationship between traditional and transplant-specific cardiovascular risk factors and CVD, and to develop a score to predict the risk of CVD in these patients.
| S-EPMC3022886 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Neprilysin inhibition has demonstrated impressive benefits in heart failure treatment, and is the current focus of interest in cardiovascular (CV) and kidney diseases. However, the role of circulating neprilysin as a biomarker for CV events is unclear in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: A total of 439 HD patients from the K-cohort were enrolled from June 2016 to April 2019. The plasma neprilysin level and echocardiographic findings at baseline were examined. The patients were prospectively followed up to assess the primary endpoint (composite of CV events and cardiac events). Results: Plasma neprilysin level was positively correlated with left ventricular (LV) mass index, LV end-systolic volume, and LV end-diastolic volume. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that neprilysin level was negatively correlated with LV ejection fraction (β = -2.14; p = 0.013). The cumulative event rate of the composite of CV events was significantly greater in neprilysin tertile 3 (p = 0.049). Neprilysin tertile 3 was also associated with an increased cumulative event rate of cardiac events (p = 0.016). In Cox regression analysis, neprilysin tertile 3 was associated with a 2.61-fold risk for the composite of CV events [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.37-4.97] and a 2.72-fold risk for cardiac events (95% CI, 1.33-5.56) after adjustment for multiple variables. Conclusions: Higher circulating neprilysin levels independently predicted the composite of CV events and cardiac events in HD patients. The results of this study suggest the importance of future studies on the effect of neprilysin inhibition in reducing CV events.
| S-EPMC8239158 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a promising new target for the prevention of cardiovascular (CV) events. However, the clinical significance of circulating PCSK9 is unclear in hemodialysis (HD) patients. A total of 353 HD patients were prospectively enrolled from June 2016 to August 2019 in a K-cohort. Plasma PCSK9 level was measured at the time of study enrollment. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite of CV event and death. Plasma PCSK9 level was positively correlated with total cholesterol level in patients with statin treatment. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that baseline serum glucose, albumin, total cholesterol, and statin treatment were independent determinants of circulating PCSK9 levels. Cumulative rates of composite and CV events were significantly higher in patients with tertile 3 PCSK9 (p = 0.017 and p = 0.010, respectively). In multivariate Cox-regression analysis, PCSK9 tertile 3 was associated with a 1.97-fold risk of composite events (95% CI, 1.13-3.45), and it was associated with a 2.31-fold risk of CV events (95% CI, 1.17-4.59). In conclusion, a higher circulating PCSK9 level was independently associated with incident CV events and death in HD patients. These results suggest the importance of future studies regarding the effect of PCSK9 inhibition.
| S-EPMC7019341 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe risk of mortality and graft loss is higher in kidney transplant recipients with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. It is unclear whether these markers are also associated with cardiovascular events.MethodsWe examined linked healthcare databases in Alberta, Canada to identify kidney transplant recipients between 2002 and 2013 who had at least 1 outpatient serum creatinine and albuminuria measurement at 1-year posttransplant. We determined the relationship between categories of eGFR and albuminuria and the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events.ResultsAmong 1069 eligible kidney transplant recipients, the median age was 52 years, 37% were female, and 52% had eGFR ?60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Over a median follow-up of 6 years, the adjusted rate of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events was 2.7-fold higher for recipients with eGFR 15-29 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and heavy albuminuria compared to recipients with eGFR ?60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and normal albuminuria (rate ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-5.7). Similarly, recipients with heavy albuminuria had a threefold increased risk of all-cause mortality and heart failure compared with recipients with eGFR ?60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and normal albuminuria.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that eGFR and albuminuria should be used together to determine the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in transplant recipients.
| S-EPMC6233669 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAccurate assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk across heterogeneous populations is needed for effective primary prevention. Little is known about the performance of standard cardiovascular risk factors in older adults.ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) risk model, as well as the underlying cardiovascular risk factors, among adults older than 65 years.Design and settingRetrospective cohort derived from a regional referral system's electronic medical records.ParticipantsA total of 25 349 patients who were 65 years or older at study baseline (date of the first outpatient lipid panel taken between 2007 and 2010).MeasurementsExposures of interest were traditional cardiovascular risk factors, as defined by inclusion in the PCE model. The primary outcome was major ASCVD events, defined as a composite of myocardial infarctions, stroke, and cardiovascular death.ResultsThe PCE and internally estimated models produced similar risk distributions for white men aged 65 to 74 years. For all other groups, PCE predictions were generally lower than those of the internal models, particularly for African Americans. Discrimination of the PCE was poor for all age groups, with concordance index (95% confidence interval) estimates of 0.62 (0.60-0.64), 0.56 (0.54-0.57), and 0.52 (0.49-0.54) among patients aged 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and 85 years and older, respectively. Reestimating relationships within these age groups resulted in better calibration but negligible improvements in discrimination. Blood pressure, total cholesterol, and diabetes either were not associated at all or had inverse associations in the older age groups.ConclusionTraditional clinical risk factors for cardiovascular disease failed to accurately characterize risk in a contemporary population of Medicare-aged patients. Among those aged 85 years and older, some traditional risk factors were not associated with ASCVD events. Better risk models are needed to appropriately inform treatment decision making for the growing population of older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:754-761, 2020.
| S-EPMC7156319 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally. Early diagnosis in primary care may have a role in ensuring proper intervention. We aimed to determine the prevalence and outcome of CKD in primary care.MethodsWe performed an observational cohort study in primary care in Copenhagen (2001-2015). Outcomes were stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), peripheral artery disease (PAD), all-cause- and cardiovascular mortality. We combined individuals with normal kidney function and CKD stage 2 as reference. We conducted cause-specific Cox proportional regressions to calculate the hazard ratios for outcomes according to CKD group. We explored the associations between kidney function and the outcomes examined using eGFR as a continuous variable modelled with penalised splines. All models were adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, existing CVD, heart failure, LDL cholesterol and use of antihypertensive treatment.ResultsWe included 171,133 individuals with at least two eGFR measurements of which the majority (n = 157,002) had eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73m2 at index date, and 0.05% were in CKD stage 5. Event rates were low in eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73m2 but increased in those with higher stages of CKD. In adjusted analyses we observed an increase in hazard rates for every outcome with every increment in CKD stage. Compared to the reference group, individuals in CKD stage 4 had double the hazard rate of PAD, MI, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.ConclusionsOur data from a large primary care cohort demonstrate an early increase in the risk of adverse outcomes already at CKD stage 3. This underlines the importance of studying early intervention in primary care.
| S-EPMC10286349 | biostudies-literature