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Risk factors for adiposity in the urban population and influence on the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

ABSTRACT: Obesity and overweight are major contributors to the morbidity and mortality of modern civilization. This study determined the prevalence of certain risk factors for adiposity and assesses their impact on overweight/obesity prevalence. Nine hundred individuals were evaluated, aged between 18-65 years, including clinical examination, evaluation of medical history, BMI determination and completion on questionnaires assessing nutritional intake and presence of depression symptoms. Overweight prevalence was 29.56% and obesity prevalence was 21.33%. Fast-food consumption was the most frequent risk factor for adiposity found in 61.67% of individuals, eating <3 meals/day was found in 58.89%, sedentary lifestyle in 53.33%, sleeping time <6 h/day in 44.22%, hypercaloric nutrition in 43.56%, excessive alcohol consumption in 42.89% and depression symptoms in 31.78%. Unhealthy lifestyle a composite risk factor was identified in 67.33% of individuals. Fast-food consumption increases the risk for adiposity by 1.85-fold while sedentary lifestyle by 1.79-fold. Risk factors for adiposity play an important role in increasing the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Public health measures are necessary in order to educate the general population regarding the importance of healthy nutrition and physical exercise.

SUBMITTER: Remus Popa A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7271696 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Risk factors for adiposity in the urban population and influence on the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Remus Popa Amorin A Fratila Ovidiu O Rus Marius M Anca Corb Aron Raluca R Mihai Vesa Cosmin C Pantis Carmen C C Diaconu Camelia C Bratu Ovidiu O Bungau Simona S Nemeth Sebastian S

Experimental and therapeutic medicine 20200415 1

Obesity and overweight are major contributors to the morbidity and mortality of modern civilization. This study determined the prevalence of certain risk factors for adiposity and assesses their impact on overweight/obesity prevalence. Nine hundred individuals were evaluated, aged between 18-65 years, including clinical examination, evaluation of medical history, BMI determination and completion on questionnaires assessing nutritional intake and presence of depression symptoms. Overweight preval ...[more]

PMID: 32509005

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Project description:ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity and obesity-related risk factors in southern China.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 15,364 participants aged 15 years and older was conducted from November 2013 to August 2014 in Jiangxi Province, China, using questionnaire forms and physical measurements. The physical measurements included body height, weight, waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral adipose index (VAI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors for overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight was 25.8% (25.9% in males and 25.7% in females), while that of obesity was 7.9% (8.4% in males and 7.6% in females). The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 10.2% (8.6% in males and 11.3% in females). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 37.1% in urban residents and 30.2% in rural residents, and this difference was significant (P < 0.001). Urban residents had a significantly higher prevalence of abdominal obesity than rural residents (11.6% vs 8.7%, P < 0.001). Among the participants with an underweight/normal body mass index (BMI), 1.3% still had abdominal obesity, 16.1% had a high BFP and 1.0% had a high VAI. Moreover, among obese participants, 9.7% had a low /normal WC, 0.8% had a normal BFP and 15.9% had a normal VAI. Meanwhile, the partial correlation analysis indicated that the correlation coefficients between VAI and BMI, VAI and WC, and BMI and WC were 0.700, 0.666, and 0.721, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that being female and having a high BFP and a high VAI were significantly associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. In addition, living in an urban area and older age correlated with overweight/obesity.ConclusionThis study revealed that obesity and abdominal obesity, which differed by gender and age, are epidemic in southern China. Moreover, there was a very high, significant, positive correlation between WC, BMI and VAI. However, further studies are needed to explore which indicator of body fat could be used as the best marker to indirectly reflect cardiometabolic risk.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Obesity is a major public health concern worldwide including Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of general and abdominal obesity in rural and urban women in Bangladesh. METHODS:A total of 450 adult women aged ? 18 years were recruited from rural (n = 210) and urban (n = 240) areas of four administrative regions (Chattagram, Dhaka and Rajshahi and Sylhet) of Bangladesh. Both socio-demographic and anthropometric data were recorded in this study. WHO proposed cut-off values were used for the Asian population for defining general and abdominal obesity. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the risk factors of general and abdominal obesity for Bangladeshi women. RESULTS:Overall, the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity was 28% and 49%, respectively. Urban women had a significantly higher prevalence of both general and abdominal obesity (30.9% and 58.6%, respectively) than in the rural women (26.6% and 38.1%, respectively) (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). As region comparison, the prevalence of general obesity was higher in the Dhaka region (39.3%) compared to the Chattragram (23.3%), Rajshahi (23.9%) and Sylhet (3.5%) regions. On the other hand, abdominal obesity was more frequent among participants in Sylhet (72.4%) and Dhaka regions (61.5%), compared to the Chattagram (27.4%) and Rajshahi (37.3%) regions. A wide variation has been observed on the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in the different age groups of the four regions. In regression analysis, a high socioeconomic status (ref: low socioeconomic level), low education level (ref: higher education), low physical activity (ref: adequate physical activity) and middle age (ref: ? 30 years of age) were significant risk factors for general and abdominal obesity. CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of general and abdominal obesity was higher among participants living in urban areas. Physical inactivity, middle age, high socioeconomic status and low education level were associated with the increased prevalence of general and abdominal obesity. Such a high prevalence of general and abdominal obesity is a health concern for Bangladeshi women; therefore, public awareness and effective health intervention strategies are needed to address these conditions.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) has increased rapidly in Vietnam. This study aimed to elucidate the factors influencing OW/OB among secondary schoolchildren. METHOD:A survey was conducted in January 2014 in four randomly selected state schools in two Hanoi urban districts, and 821 students in grade six (11-12?years old) participated. Definitions of OW/OB followed the World Health Organization standard cut-offs. RESULTS:Overall, 4.1% of children were underweight, 59.7% were normal weight, 17.1% were overweight, and 19.1% were obese. The odds of OW/OB were lowest among children whose parents had college/university degrees [father (aOR =0.65, 95% CI: 0.42-1.00); mother (aOR =0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.97)] compared with those whose parents had only a primary education. Children with an OW/OB family history had an increased risk of OW/OB. Other associated factors include parental OW/OB and birth weight (BW). The odds of OW/OB were highest among children with parents with OW/OB [father (aOR =2.022, 95% CI: 1.34-3.04); mother (aOR =2.83, 95% CI: 1.51-5.30)] compared with those with normal-weight parents. Children with both parents having OW/OB [both parents (aOR =6.59, 95% CI: 1.28-33.87) had the highest risk, followed by one parent (aOR =2.22, 95% CI: 1.50-3.27)] and then neither parent having OW/OB. Moreover, high-birth-weight children [BW???3500?g (aOR =1.52, 95% CI: 1.07-2.15)] had greater odds than did normal-birth-weight children. Children who slept 11?h per day [8-11?h (aOR =0.57, 95% CI: 0.40-0.81) or more (aOR =0.44, 95% CI: 0.22-0.87)] had lower OW/OB odds than those who slept 8?h or less. Children with specific positive lifestyle behaviours had lower risk of OW/OB than those who did not engage in positive lifestyle behaviours. The odds were lower among children who exercised for weight reduction (OR?=?0.16, 95% CI: 0.11-0.23), lowered food intake (aOR?=?0.12, 95% CI: 0.09-0.17), and added vegetables to their diet (aOR?=?0.26, 95% CI: 0.19-0.35). CONCLUSION:The results suggest that parents and children with OW/OB parents or a high BW should be educated to prevent OW/OB at an early stage. Positive lifestyle behaviours should be adopted by the students.

Project description:BackgroundKuwait is amongst countries in the Gulf region with high income economy. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), one in five adults in the Gulf region is obese. This study sought to evaluate the prevalence and magnitude of association between overweight, obesity, central obesity, and socio-demographic factors in Kuwait.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional survey of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait - part of the Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program - was conducted between 2011 and 2014, targeting adults aged 18-82 years using the WHO STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease surveillance. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to classify overweight and obesity, and waist circumference (WC) used to express central obesity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate relationships between socio-demographic factors, overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2) or central obesity (WC ≥ 80 cm women; WC ≥ 94 cm men).ResultsRecords for gender (56% Men), age, BMI, governorate, and nationality existed for 4901 individuals. Mean age and BMI were 43 years and 30 kg/m2, respectively. Non-Kuwaiti nationals were more prevalent than Kuwaitis (76% vs 24%). Prevalence rates for overweight, obesity and central obesity were 40.6% (95%CI: 38.4-42.8%), 42.1% (95%CI: 40.0-44.3%) and 73.7% (95%CI: 71.7-75.6%), respectively. The youngest age group (18-29 years) had rates of 38.2% (95%CI: 29.2-47.7%), 27.2% (95%CI: 19.0-36.7%) and 49.9% (95%CI: 40.6-59.1%) for overweight, obesity and central obesity, respectively. In covariate-adjusted analyses, the odds of being overweight was 26% greater for men than for women. Conversely, women had a 54% (95%CI: 19-99%) and 7-fold (95%CI, 5-10-fold) greater odds of obesity/central obesity, respectively, than men. Greater educational attainment, physical activity, and non-Kuwaiti status were associated with lower odds of obesity/central obesity. History of smoking, elevated blood pressure, higher income, being married, greater age and female sex related to greater odds of obesity/central obesity.ConclusionOverweight was greater in men, obesity greater in women. Overweight and obesity prevalence were high in young adults aged 18-29 years, a significant public health concern. Efforts to integrate mandatory physical education to the school curriculum and promoting the creation of recreation spaces/parks to promote physical activities, will play a vital role in the early prevention of overweight/obesity in Kuwait.

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Risk factors for adiposity in the urban population and influence on the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

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Risk factors for adiposity in the urban population and influence on the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

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