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Late-spring frost risk between 1959 and 2017 decreased in North America but increased in Europe and Asia.

ABSTRACT: Late-spring frosts (LSFs) affect the performance of plants and animals across the world's temperate and boreal zones, but despite their ecological and economic impact on agriculture and forestry, the geographic distribution and evolutionary impact of these frost events are poorly understood. Here, we analyze LSFs between 1959 and 2017 and the resistance strategies of Northern Hemisphere woody species to infer trees' adaptations for minimizing frost damage to their leaves and to forecast forest vulnerability under the ongoing changes in frost frequencies. Trait values on leaf-out and leaf-freezing resistance come from up to 1,500 temperate and boreal woody species cultivated in common gardens. We find that areas in which LSFs are common, such as eastern North America, harbor tree species with cautious (late-leafing) leaf-out strategies. Areas in which LSFs used to be unlikely, such as broad-leaved forests and shrublands in Europe and Asia, instead harbor opportunistic tree species (quickly reacting to warming air temperatures). LSFs in the latter regions are currently increasing, and given species' innate resistance strategies, we estimate that ?35% of the European and ?26% of the Asian temperate forest area, but only ?10% of the North American, will experience increasing late-frost damage in the future. Our findings reveal region-specific changes in the spring-frost risk that can inform decision-making in land management, forestry, agriculture, and insurance policy.

SUBMITTER: Zohner CM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7275740 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Late-spring frost risk between 1959 and 2017 decreased in North America but increased in Europe and Asia.

Zohner Constantin M CM Mo Lidong L Renner Susanne S SS Svenning Jens-Christian JC Vitasse Yann Y Benito Blas M BM Ordonez Alejandro A Baumgarten Frederik F Bastin Jean-François JF Sebald Veronica V Reich Peter B PB Liang Jingjing J Nabuurs Gert-Jan GJ de-Miguel Sergio S Alberti Giorgio G Antón-Fernández Clara C Balazy Radomir R Brändli Urs-Beat UB Chen Han Y H HYH Chisholm Chelsea C Cienciala Emil E Dayanandan Selvadurai S Fayle Tom M TM Frizzera Lorenzo L Gianelle Damiano D Jagodzinski Andrzej M AM Jaroszewicz Bogdan B Jucker Tommaso T Kepfer-Rojas Sebastian S Khan Mohammed Latif ML Kim Hyun Seok HS Korjus Henn H Johannsen Vivian Kvist VK Laarmann Diana D Lang Mait M Zawila-Niedzwiecki Tomasz T Niklaus Pascal A PA Paquette Alain A Pretzsch Hans H Saikia Purabi P Schall Peter P Šebeň Vladimír V Svoboda Miroslav M Tikhonova Elena E Viana Helder H Zhang Chunyu C Zhao Xiuhai X Crowther Thomas W TW

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20200511 22

Late-spring frosts (LSFs) affect the performance of plants and animals across the world's temperate and boreal zones, but despite their ecological and economic impact on agriculture and forestry, the geographic distribution and evolutionary impact of these frost events are poorly understood. Here, we analyze LSFs between 1959 and 2017 and the resistance strategies of Northern Hemisphere woody species to infer trees' adaptations for minimizing frost damage to their leaves and to forecast forest v ...[more]

PMID: 32393624

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Project description:The discovery of Helicobacter hepaticus and its role in hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, typhlocolitis, and lower-bowel carcinoma in murine colonies was followed by the isolation and characterization of other Helicobacter spp. involved in enterohepatic disease. Colonization of mouse colonies with members of the family Helicobacteriaceae has become an increasing concern for the research community. From 2001 to 2005, shipments of selected gift mice from other institutions and mice received from specified commercial vendors were screened for Helicobacter spp. by culture of cecal tissue. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by genus-specific PCR, followed by species-specific PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed if the species identity was not apparent. The survey included 79 mice from 34 sources: 2 commercial sources and 16 research sources from the United States and 1 commercial source and 15 research sources from Canada, Europe, or Asia. Helicobacter spp. were cultured from the ceca of 62 of 79 mice. No Helicobacter spp. were found in mice from advertised Helicobacter-free production areas from two U.S. vendors. Multiple Helicobacter spp. were found in mice from one vendor's acknowledged Helicobacter-infected production area. The European commercial vendor had mice infected with novel Helicobacter sp. strain MIT 96-1001. Of the U.S. academic institutions, 6 of 16 (37%) had mice infected with Helicobacter hepaticus; but monoinfection with H. bilis, H. mastomyrinus, H. rodentium, and MIT 96-1001 was also encountered, as were mice infected simultaneously with two Helicobacter spp. Non-U.S. academic institutions had mice that were either monoinfected with H. hepaticus, monoinfected with seven other Helicobacter spp., or infected with a combination of Helicobacter spp. This survey indicates that 30 of 34 (88%) commercial and academic institutions in Canada, Europe, Asia, Australia, and the United States have mouse colonies infected with Helicobacter spp. Mice from 20 of the 34 institutions (59%) were most commonly colonized with H. hepaticus alone or in combination with other Helicobacter spp. These results indicate that a broad range of Helicobacter spp. infect mouse research colonies. The potential impact of these organisms on in vivo experiments continues to be an important issue for mice being used for biomedical research.

Dataset Information

Late-spring frost risk between 1959 and 2017 decreased in North America but increased in Europe and Asia.

Publications

Late-spring frost risk between 1959 and 2017 decreased in North America but increased in Europe and Asia.

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