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Changing Exposure Perceptions: A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Intervention with Smoking Parents.

ABSTRACT: Children who live with smokers are at risk of poor health, and of becoming smokers themselves. Misperceptions of the nature of tobacco smoke exposure have been demonstrated among parents, resulting in continued smoking in their children's environment. This study aimed to change parents' perceptions of exposure by providing information on second- and third-hand exposure and personalised information on children's exposure [NIH registry (NCT02867241)]. One hundred and fifty-nine families with a child < 8 years and at least one smoking parent were randomized into intervention (69), control (70), and enhanced control (20) groups. Reported exposure, parental smoking details, and a child hair sample were obtained at the start of the study and 6-8 months later. Parental perceptions of exposure (PPE) were assessed via a questionnaire. The intervention consisted of motivational interviews, feedback of home air quality and child's hair nicotine level, and information brochures. PPE were significantly higher at the study end (94.6 ± 17.6) compared to study beginning (86.5 ± 19.3) in intervention and enhanced control groups (t(72) = -3.950; p < 0.001). PPE at study end were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the regular control group (p = 0.020). There was no significant interaction between time and group. Parallel changes in parental smoking behaviour were found. Parental perceptions of exposure were increased significantly post intervention, indicating that they can be altered. By making parents more aware of exposure and the circumstances in which it occurs, we can help parents change their smoking behaviour and better protect their children.

SUBMITTER: Myers V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7277098 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Changing Exposure Perceptions: A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Intervention with Smoking Parents.

Myers Vicki V Shiloh Shoshana S Zucker David M DM Rosen Laura J LJ

International journal of environmental research and public health 20200512 10

Children who live with smokers are at risk of poor health, and of becoming smokers themselves. Misperceptions of the nature of tobacco smoke exposure have been demonstrated among parents, resulting in continued smoking in their children's environment. This study aimed to change parents' perceptions of exposure by providing information on second- and third-hand exposure and personalised information on children's exposure [NIH registry (NCT02867241)]. One hundred and fifty-nine families with a chi ...[more]

PMID: 32408551

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Project description:BACKGROUND:It is well documented that heightened levels of parenting stress have a negative influence on children's socio-emotional and behavioral development. Parenting stress may therefore be regarded as an outcome variable in its own right. This study investigated whether a sensitizing intervention influences stress reported by parents of prematurely born children until the children were age nine. METHODS:Preterm infants (N = 146, birth weight <2,000 g) were randomized to intervention (N = 72) with the Mother-Infant Transaction Program (MITP) or a preterm control group (N = 74) that received standard hospital care. A term reference group comprised 75 healthy, full-term neonates. Parents reported on the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) when the children were 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 years old and on the PSI-Short Form (PSI-SF) at age 9. Main outcomes were the mother's and father's reports of total, child and parent-related stress. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed using linear mixed models (LMM), taking dependency in the data caused by twin pairs and repeated measures into account. Response rates were high across all follow-ups, and still reached 85% from mothers and 72% from fathers at 9 years. RESULTS:Mothers in the intervention group reported better longitudinal development of child-related stress than mothers of preterm controls, as they perceived their children as being more adaptable and less moody throughout childhood until the age of seven. Less stress in the intervention group was revealed by cross-sectional analysis of maternal reports at all ages, while fathers reported similar differences at ages three and five. Parents in the intervention group reported stronger agreement on several stress scores on several occasions. Fathers with high interventional participation (mean 54%) reported significantly less stress at age nine than those who participated less. Both parents in the intervention group reported levels of stress similar to those experienced by the term reference group at all follow-ups, while differences between the preterm control and term reference groups increased. CONCLUSIONS:This early intervention reduces stress among parents of prematurely born children to a level reported by parents of term-born children and enhances agreement between parents. TRIAL REGISTRATION:Clinical Trials Gov identifier NCT00222456, 05.09.2005.

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Changing Exposure Perceptions: A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Intervention with Smoking Parents.

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Changing Exposure Perceptions: A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Intervention with Smoking Parents.

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