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Interference-contrast optical activity: a new technique for probing the chirality of anisotropic samples and more.

ABSTRACT: We introduce interference-contrast optical activity (ICOA) as a new technique for probing the chirality of anisotropic samples and more. ICOA could underpin a new class of 'chiral microscopes', with potential applications spanning the range of chirality and beyond. Two possible versions of ICOA are described explicitly; one designed to probe the optical rotation of a transparent sample regardless of the sample's linear birefringence (ICOA-OR) and another designed to probe gradients in the optical rotation of a transparent sample (ICOA-GOR). Simulated results for ?-quartz lead us to suggest that ICOA-GOR might be applied to help monitor the growth of chiral crystals in the pharmaceutical industry. Possible directions for future research are highlighted.

SUBMITTER: Cameron RP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7277269 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interference-contrast optical activity: a new technique for probing the chirality of anisotropic samples and more.

Cameron R P RP Vogl U U Trautmann N N

Royal Society open science 20200513 5

We introduce interference-contrast optical activity (ICOA) as a new technique for probing the chirality of anisotropic samples and more. ICOA could underpin a new class of 'chiral microscopes', with potential applications spanning the range of chirality and beyond. Two possible versions of ICOA are described explicitly; one designed to probe the optical rotation of a transparent sample <i>regardless</i> of the sample's linear birefringence (ICOA-OR) and another designed to probe <i>gradients</i> ...[more]

PMID: 32537209

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Project description:ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate whether polarimetry, performed using a modified optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) system, can improve the assessment of histological features relevant to characterizing human coronary atherosclerosis.BackgroundThe microscopic structure and organization of the arterial wall influence the polarization of the infrared light used by OFDI. Modification of the OFDI apparatus, along with recently developed image reconstruction methods, permits polarimetric measurements simultaneously with conventional OFDI cross-sectional imaging through standard intravascular imaging catheters.MethodsThe main coronary arteries of 5 cadaveric human hearts were imaged with an OFDI system capable of providing polarimetric assessment. Cross-sectional views of tissue birefringence, measured in refractive index units, and depolarization, expressed as the ratio of depolarized signal to total intensity, were reconstructed, together with conventional OFDI images. Following imaging, the vessels underwent histological evaluation to enable interpretation of the observed polarization features of individual tissue components.ResultsBirefringence in fibrous tissue was significantly higher than in intimal tissue with minimal abnormality (0.44 × 10-3 vs. 0.33 × 10-3; p < 0.0001). Birefringence was highest in the tunica media (p < 0.0001), consistent with its high smooth muscle cell content, cells known to associate with birefringence. In fibrous areas, birefringence showed fine spatial features and close correspondence with the histological appearance of collagen. In contrast, necrotic cores and regions rich in lipid elicited significant depolarization (p < 0.0001). Depolarization was also evident in locations of cholesterol crystals and macrophages.ConclusionsIntravascular measurements of birefringence and depolarization can be obtained using conventional OFDI catheters in conjunction with a modified console and signal processing algorithms. Polarimetric measurements enhance conventional OFDI by providing additional information related to the tissue composition and offer quantitative metrics enabling characterization of plaque features.

Dataset Information

Interference-contrast optical activity: a new technique for probing the chirality of anisotropic samples and more.

Publications

Interference-contrast optical activity: a new technique for probing the chirality of anisotropic samples and more.

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