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The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target.

ABSTRACT: The current Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 pandemic has infected over two million people and resulted in the death of over one hundred thousand people at the time of writing this review. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though multiple vaccines and treatments are under development so far, the disease is only slowing down under extreme social distancing measures that are difficult to maintain. SARS-COV-2 is an enveloped virus that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer. Lipids are fundamental cell components that play various biological roles ranging from being a structural building block to a signaling molecule as well as a central energy store. The role lipids play in viral infection involves the fusion of the viral membrane to the host cell, viral replication, and viral endocytosis and exocytosis. Since lipids play a crucial function in the viral life cycle, we asked whether drugs targeting lipid metabolism, such as statins, can be utilized against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. In this review, we discuss the role of lipid metabolism in viral infection as well as the possibility of targeting lipid metabolism to interfere with the viral life cycle.

SUBMITTER: Abu-Farha M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7278986 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target.

Abu-Farha Mohamed M Thanaraj Thangavel Alphonse TA Qaddoumi Mohammad G MG Hashem Anwar A Abubaker Jehad J Al-Mulla Fahd F

International journal of molecular sciences 20200517 10

The current Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 pandemic has infected over two million people and resulted in the death of over one hundred thousand people at the time of writing this review. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though multiple vaccines and treatments are under development so far, the disease is only slowing down under extreme social distancing measures that are difficult to maintain. SARS-COV-2 is an enveloped virus that i ...[more]

PMID: 32429572

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Project description:Purpose: Investigate whether maculopapular drug rash with COVID-19 infection (COVID19-MDR) exhibits a distinct gene expression in the skin as compared to non-COVID19-MDR. Methods:RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) skin biopsies from COVID-MDR (n=3), MDR (n=7), and Healthy control (n=5). Library preparation for RNA-seq was performed by using the TruSeq Stranded RNA library preparation kit including polyA enrichment (Illumina) from total RNA. Sequencing was performed on the the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform with 75 cycles. Results: RNA sequencing from lesional skin showed that pathways of cytolysis and eosinophil chemotaxis were activated in COVID MDR. Cytolysis/cellular defense response related genes, such as PRF1 (perforin), GZMA (Granzyme A) and GNLY (Granulysin), as well as eosinophil migration/lymphocyte chemotaxis genes, e.g. C-C Motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), CCL13, were upregulated in COVID MDR. Conclusions: This study provide an opportunity to understand the pathogenesis of MDR with the COVID-19 infection. We report the application of single-molecule-based sequencing technology for high-throughput profiling of histone modifications in mammalian cells. By obtaining over four billion bases of sequence from chromatin immunoprecipitated DNA, we generated genome-wide chromatin-state maps of mouse embryonic stem cells, neural progenitor cells and embryonic fibroblasts. We find that lysine 4 and lysine 27 trimethylation effectively discriminates genes that are expressed, poised for expression, or stably repressed, and therefore reflect cell state and lineage potential. Lysine 36 trimethylation marks primary coding and non-coding transcripts, facilitating gene annotation. Trimethylation of lysine 9 and lysine 20 is detected at satellite, telomeric and active long-terminal repeats, and can spread into proximal unique sequences. Lysine 4 and lysine 9 trimethylation marks imprinting control regions. Finally, we show that chromatin state can be read in an allele-specific manner by using single nucleotide polymorphisms. This study provides a framework for the application of comprehensive chromatin profiling towards characterization of diverse mammalian cell populations.

Dataset Information

The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target.

Publications

The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target.

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